1. Editorial ………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Lehkhathawn…………………………………………………………..…………………..

-R.Lalchhuanawma, Khawbung

3. Jatropha (Kang Damdawi)…………………….………………………………………

4. Women In Agriculture in Mizoram ………………………………………………

5. Thawhrim chu chawlhna nuam a ni …………………………………………

- Rev H.Lalrinmawia, Leader, C.K.T.P.

6. A Holistic Approach to Bamboo Fruiting and Famine (2007-2009)

In Mizoram ……………………………………………………………………..……………

- R.Thansanga, Director of Agri. (Retd.)

7. Khaupuang leh an Sulhnu …………………….………………………………………

- H.Joela, S.O-Cum-S.A.

8. Coffee Nursery siam leh enkawl dan …………………………………………….

- K.Laltlanmawia,Msc. (Agri)

AEI, Coffee Board, Kolasib

9. Women in Agriculture zin report …………………………………………………..

- C.Lalmawii, Hnahthial

10. Agriculture Extension………..……………………………………………………………

- Khawtinthanga Ralre, AEO (Rtd)

11. Influence of Climate Crop Production …………………………………..………..

-R.Lalramhluni, AEO

12. Agriculture hi ka nunna a ni …………………………………………………….

- J.Lalpuithanga Sailo, AEO (Rtd)

13. Hranghluite …………………………………………………………………………………….

14. KEIMAHNI ………………………………………………………………………………………

Editor

Lalramthanga Tochhawng

Director Of Agriculture

Joint Editors

H.Thangkhuma

Dy, Director of Agriculture

(Extension)

R.Zoramthanga

AAIO

Directorate of Agriculture

Cir. Manager

H.Joela

S.O.-Cum-S.A

Zoram Loneitu a

thuchhuah duh nei emaw,

lehkha thawn duh emaw

chuan a hnuaia Address-

ah thawn tur a ni.

Editor

ZORAM LONEITU

P.O. Box -098

Dte. Of Agriculture,

Mizoram: Aizawl

Pin 796001

EDITORIAL

Bible chuan "theh tlem chuan a åt tlem ang a, theh tam chuan a at tam

ang" a ti a. He thu pawimawh tak mai hi loneitu tan hian kan hriatreng tur a ni

awm e.

Tin, kan Mizoram dinhmun mekah pawh hian leilet, huan leh

thlawhhma la zauva, tha theihtawp a thawhtu te chuan buh leh bal leh thlai

thar chhuah an nei tam nge nge a, a chhanchu, an thawh nasat a, an theh tam

avangin hlawhtlinna duhawm tak an tel lo thei lo a ni. Hetiang anih mek lai

hian, kut hnathawh lam — Leilet, Huan leh Thlawhhma la ve tawk tawk te

chuan, an theh tlem avangin an at (thar) tlem thin a ni. Chutiang zelin, kut

themthiamna chi dang leh ei zawnna chi dangah pawh, theh tlem leh theh tam

(thawk tam leh thawk tlem) chuan he thu dik hi a tak an seng zel dawn a ni.

Tuna kan Sawrkar hnathawk hotu lian tak tak te leh chhungkaw khawsa

thei leh awm thei tak tak te pawh hi a hun lai a an beih vakna rah sengin,

chanvo sang tak neiin an awm mek a ni.

Kum te a lo thar leh dawn ta a, kut hnathawktu ten rilru thar leh

ngaihtuahna thar pu in, khamkhawp at thei ngei turin hma lak theuh tum ila.

Mizoram a lo hming than a, a lo zahawm zel theihna turin Sawrkar in 'Market-

base' a thlai chin tur a thlan chhuah te uar takin Ching ila, tih hlawhtlin tum

theuh ila. Theh tam a, at tam nih i tum theuh ang u.

To,

The Editor,

Zoram Loneitu

Directorate of Agriculture

Subj :- STEVIA REBAUDIANA (Honey leaf) CHUNGCHANG.

Ka pu,

I chanchinbu ngaihhlut awmtak "Zoram Loneitu" hi tluang taka min rawn thawn

thin avangin lawmthu ka sawi e. He I chanchinbu hi lawm takin ka lo chhiar ve thina

bengvar thlak ka tiin manhla ka ti hle mai.

Vol.48 Issue No. 1 January-March, 2005 chhuak a 'Stevia Rebaudiana' (Honey leaf)

chungchang Pi Lalrinsangi Facilitator, Extension Section, Directorate of Agriculture,

Aizawl in a rawn ziah kha ka lo chhiar a. Kha thlai kha kan Zoram kut hnathawktute tan

hian thil tha tak mai nithei turah ka lo ngai ve ngawt maia, chuvangin Sorkar tan pawh

hma lakna tlak tak niah ka ngai a ni.

He thlai hi hma lakna tlak a nih dawn chuan a chi hi engtinnge kan neih theih ang

tih leh Keimahni intodelhna bak hralh chhuah tur thar thei ta ila engtia hralh tur nge ni

ang tih hi a ziak ah hian duh angin kan man thiam chiah lova, chuvangin, hemi chungchang

hi Chiang zawk a hriat theih dan a awm thei em le? Min hrilh theih chuan kan lawm hle

ang.

Dated, Khawbung

the 27.10.2005.

I rintlak,

Sd/-R.Lalchhuanawma

Khawbung, Lalveng.

Chhanna:

(Stevia (Thlai chini) hralh dan tur chu Sunfruits Ltd. Pune leh Mizoram

Sawrkar in a ziakfel tawh a. A chi pawh Sunfruits Ltd., Pune in an rawn thawn thei a,

a tharchhuah pawh Sunfruits Ltd., Pune hian an lei zel dawn a ni)

JATROPHA ( KANG DAMDAWI)

Jatropha hi thlai chi khat niin a thang duh em em a, a tangkaina tam tak a awm a ni.

Hectare khatah kum khat chhungin a hriak bio-diesel ton 2 lai a thar chhuak thei a ni. A chinna

hmun thu ah pawh khaw lum lutuk leh vawt lutuk lo, kan ram sik leh sa hi a ngeih em em a, he

thlai hian hriak tam tak a pe chhuak thei a ni. A hriak hi hriak dang ang a ni lo a, kum khatah 1

mile square ah 1000 barrels a thar chhuak thei a ni. Bio-diesel he thlai atanga lakchhuah leh

diesel dangte nen kan hman hian boruak ti bawlhhlawhtu tam tak a ti tlem a ni. Petrol leh diesel

te hian boruak a ti bawlhhlawh in a ti chhe nasa em em a, he thlai atanga hriak bio-diesel leh

petrol/diesel kan hman pawlh hian boruak ti chhia/tibawlhlawhtu tam tak a veng thei a ni.

Tunlai khawvel thang zelah thil siamna khawl chi hrang hrang industries/ factories te a

tam tawh em em a, heng te hian boruak a ti chhe nasa hle thung a ni, ram a ti bawlhlawhin

boruak tha mihringten kan mamawh tam tak a ti bo a ni, chuvang chuan he bio-fuel/bio-diesel

hmang hian kan boruak bawlhlawh /chhe mek hi kan humhalhin kan ti tlem thei a ni. Kan ram

tha te thlalera siam thei tu khawl chi hrang hrang leh fuel tam tak kan hman te hi kan tih tlem a

ngai a, engtinnge kan tih tlem ang tih chuan, kan India President A.P.J Abdul Kalam chuan "India

harsatna tam tak tui leh fuel tlakchhamna avangin he thlai tha tak Jatropha hi ram ti ngaw turin

leh bio-diesel pe chhuak thei turin kan ramah hian kan chin tam a ngai a ni" a ti a.

India in fuel tam tak a hman leh mamawh na te thlai atanga kan mamawhna chhan te

Chu:

INDIAN COUNCIL OF FOREST RESEARCH & EDUCATION:

Indian Council of Forest Research & Education a Director General R.P.S.Katwal chuan

Union Government chuan Jatropha chinna 50,000Ha.ah Rs. 1,430,000/- a chhuak dawn a ni a ti.

Bio- diesel hi tih thar/siamthar theih reng a ni a, fuel dangte erawhchu a theih loh a, chuvang

chuan he fuel hi a him in tui leh ram leilung tan a that thu sawi a ni. Project dang tam tak te neih a

ni a, heng project atan hian 2.5 million Hyderabad, Rajasthan atangin dawn a ni a, chu chuan ni

khatah bio-diesel ton 10 a thar chhuak dawn a ni. Hriak dangte chu thlai chi dang dang

Pongammia, Jatropha leh thlai dang atangte in a chingtu te hnen atanga hmuh zel beisei bawk a

ni. German Development Corporation(GTZ) chuan Southern bio-fuels Ltd. te nen tang dun in he

thlai chinna atana thil tul leh tangkai te German Company leh German Sorkar atangte in an

ngaihtuah mek a ni.

GERMAN DEVELOPMENT COR- PORATION:

German mi Daimler Chrysler leh German University (Hohenheim) te chuan India ram ah

bul an tan mek a . Chungte chu ram chhengche tawh tak tak Industries ten a tih chhiat tawh

ramah te leh lei chhiaah te 20Ha. ah Jatropha hi chin a ni a. Kum 5 hnuah chuan hlawhtling taka a

thar chhuah beisei a ni. Chumi thar chhuah chuan India ram hi tui Bucket ni ta se, far khat chauh

ang a ni dawn a ni a ti a. Chuti a nih chuan 10 Million Hectares (100,000sqkm/ 38,000sq. miles)

ah chin ni ta se, hectare khat zelah Ton 1.5 a chi thar chhuakin ton 4 Million Bio-diesel a thar

chhuak dawn a ni. Chu chuan Ramin fuel a mamawh hmm 1/10 a thar chhuak dawn tihna a ni.

Hectare khat ah mi pakhat zel thawk tur ni ta se, hna thar Million 10 a awm dawn tihna a

ni. Livestock feed/organic seedcake Millions Ton 11 leh Glycerol Million Ton 0.4 a thar chhuak

dawn a ni.

Ethanol hi khawvel ram hrang hrangah an hmang lar hle. Brazil hian Ethanol hi siam

chhuak hnem ber an ni a. Petrol leh diesel chauh hmang lovin fuel atan Ethanol hi a tha em em a,

Brazil ramah hian a tha in a tam em em a, chuvang chuan an ram hi an intodelh hle a. He fuel tha

tak fu atanga lak chhuah Ethanol hi an ram (Brazil) hian a hlawkna an tel nasa hle ani. Chuvangin,

India Ram pawh hian he thlai hi kan ching nasa em em a, khawvelah pawh langphak khawpa

Ching kan ni si a, kan hmanna tur chi dang Ethanol te hi siam ve thei ila kan ram in a that phahin

a hlawk phah bawk ang.

JATROPHA THAR HLAWK THEIH DAN:

Jatropha hi Kang Damdawi kan tih mai rah/mu nei thlai, mak danglam tak a ni a, hriak

tam tak pe chuak thei a ni . Thlai dang tam tak 80 zet zinga oil pe chhuak thei thlai zingah pawh

Bio-diesel atan chuan thlai tha ber a ni. Hectare khat zelah kum khat chhung in a leilung awmna a

zirin Ton 0.5 atanga Ton 12 a thar theih a ni.(Makkar leh Becker 1999). A tlangpui in hectare

khatah Ton 5 zel a thar chhuah theih a ni. Jatropha rah in hriak a pai zat Chu, a chi pakhat ah za

zel a 55-60% a awm a ni. Tichuan, a hriak hi bio-diesel ah khawl hmangin an siam leh a ni. Kum

nga hnuah chuan kum khatah Bio- diesel chu a chi atang hian Hectare khat zelah Ton 0.75 atanga

Ton 2 chhuak thei a chhut a ni.(Fiodl leh Eder 1997).

JATORPHA HI ENKAWL AWLSAM LEH NUNG DUH TAK A NI:

India ram tana a duhawmna leh thatna em em pakhat chu, ram chhengchhe tak tak thlai

dangte chin theihlohna ramah te leh tui tlem na hmun leh, lei chhe tak, enkawl uluk a ngaih lohna

hmuna chin theih a ni hi a ni. A kung atang hian a zar leh tang te tan bun hian leiah phun maiin a

nung duh em em a ni. 5-10 ft. thleng a thang thei a, thli vaivut in a chhem pawhin, a dawl zo em

em a ni. Ram ro deuh ah a tha duh deuh bik a, ruah surna 300-1000 mm velah a tha duh bik a ni.

Tin, altitudes 0-500m leh temperature 200°c ah a tha duh tlangpui a, amaherawhchu altitudes

sang deuh leh vawt deuh pawh a dawl zo tho a ni.

JATROPHA HI THLAI TICHHETU RAMSA LEH RANNUNG VENG HIMTU ANI:

Jatropha hian ramsa leh rannung te, thlai tichhe thei chi a dang thei a, thlai dangte

humhalh turin leh ti tha turin a pawimawh em em a. Chumai bakah he thlai hriak hian organic

ferilizer tha tak leh glycerine te a siamchhuak a, tichuan, kum 50 thleng chi tam tak pe chhuak in

a dam thei a ni.

JATROPHA I-IMAN TANGKAINA:

Jatropha thlai hi a hriak mai ni lo pawh a tangkai em em a , a hawng/pil atang hian rawng

thlak nan (rawng dumpawl) leh thalhrik (Wax) te a pe chhuak a ni. A kung/bul hi hmanraw siam

nan a tha bawk. Tin, a zung hian rawngthlak na atan rawng eng a pe chhuak a, a par te pawh

damdawi siam na atan tangkai tak a ni. A hnah hi pem leh hliam damdawi tha tak a ni bawk.

Tichuan, Jatropha hi sum chang thei vek leh tangkai vek a ni.

A hriak hmanna dang leh chu furniture hrukfai nan leh tih hnumthar na atan leh rannung

thah nan te,vun natna damdawi atan te, cancer, piles, rul chuk, zeng damdawi atan te an hmang

bawk a ni. Indian Supreme Court chuan New Delhi khawpuiah petrol leh diesel hman tam

avangin natna tam tak a thlen tawh a, chuvang chuan fuel thianghlimlo hman a khap tawh a ni.

Khawpui dang te pawhin hei hi hria in an ti ve ta zel a ni.

Biodiesel hi Petro-diesel aiin carbon dioxide chhuak a ti tlem a, hydrocarbons kang bang

68% in a ti hniam a, tin, carbon Monoxide hi 44-50% in a ti hniam bawk a ni. Cancer thlen theitu

chi khat Carcinogenic Nitrated compound hi 90% in a tihniam. Bio-diesel hi diesel engine hmang

eng motorah pawh a hman theih a. Petrodiesel aiin Biodiesel hi a thawk hlawk zawk a, diesel

pangngai aiin biodiesel hi motor engine tan a that zawk zia hmuh chhuah a ni. Biodiesel hman

atang hian Euro —I motor hian Euro-Ill standard a kai phah ani.

ETHANAL LEH BIO-DIESEL:

Motor khawl ti bawlhlawh tu tam tak hi fuel vang a ni kan ti lo thei lo a. A khawl hlui

tawh ngat phei hi chuan motor a ti chhe hma a ni tih hai rual a ni lo a, heng khawl hlui leh motor

chaklo ti chak tur hian biodiesel hi a tha a, khawl hnathawh a ti chak hle a ni. Kum 1992 hma

lama rubber gasket siam chhuah te kha thlak a ngai a, chuvang chuan he biodiesel hian chu chu a

phuhruk in a thlak ta vek a ni.

Ethanol leh Bio-Diesel: Ethanol hi Oxygen pe chhuak thei khawp a tha, khawvelin fuel atan an

hman lar tak a ni a, za a 68% chu fuel atan hman a ni a. Brazil ramah chuan kum khatah Ethanol

hi litres billion 12 Fu atangin a thar chhuak a ni. USA ah chuan Mim (corn) lam chi thlai atangin

litres billion 8 kum khatah a thar chhuak a. Ram dang Canada, Spain, France, Sweden, Thailand,

China leh Australia te pawhin Ethanol hi an thar chhuakin an hmang ve a ni. Europe ramah chuan

Biodiesel hman hi an uar tawh hle a, a hmunpui ber tur In te pawh USA ah siam a ni tawh a ni.

Ram thenkhat Germany, France leh Austria te pawhin hei hi an tangkaipui hle bawk ani.

India-ah Bio-fuels: Kum 2003 January 1 atang khan India Sorkar chuan Ethanol hi petrolah

pawlhin India rama States 9 leh Union Territories 4 te chuan 5% an hmang a ti a ni. Bio-diesel

siam chhuak tur hian ram chheng chhe tawh tak te tam tak dah awl ani tawh a. Tin, Amritsar a

tlan rel (train) pakhat Shatabdi Express an tih ah pawh hman tawh a ni a, a thatzia hmuh chhuah

a ni bawk a ni. Tichuan India ram hi khawvelah thlai ching hnem ber zinga mi kan ni a, heng kan

thlai chin thenkhat Fu leh thlai dang hriak pe chhuak thei thlai hmang hian khawvel hmun hrang

hrang a fuel hman kan phuhrukin Biofuels tam tak kan thar thei a ni.

India chuan chini tam tak kan tharin kan lei chhuak a, a man thuah pawh a sang em em a,

he thlai chini siam thei thlai hmang hian Ethanol hi kan siam thei a kan mamawh tak kan la tih

loh thil loneitute leh hriselna atan a tha bawk si hi kan tih a tha a ni .Chuvang chuan kan ram awl

tam tak ah hian Fu tam tak chingin kan ram intodelhna turin hma kän lak a ngai ani.Tin heng

bakah hian thlai hriak nei chi tarn tak chi nei chi leh a hnah atanga hriak kan hmuh theihna te

kan Ching thei bawk a ni. India Sorkar chuan estimate ruahmanna siamin Million Hectares 50-

100 a zau ram hman tur a siam a, chu chu a hlawhtlin chuan kan Ram a States té zawk leh

thingtlang tan a tangkaiin hlawkna tam tak a siam dawn a ni. (Source: Winrock International,

Delhi)

JATROPHA THLAI HI (NGO) PAWL PAKHAT RAJASTHAN AMI CHUAN INDIA RAM HMUN

HRANG HRANG AH HECTARES 1,00,000 A ZAUAH AN CHING DAWN:

Society For Rural Initiatives For Promoting Herbals (SRIPHL) pawl hi kum 2001 khan

Churu Rajasthan ami te nen a din niin, loneitu leh miretheite chhawm dawltu an ni a ,mimal

inzawmkhawm sorkar tel lova din a ni a, he pawl hian a tum ber chu mi hnuaihnung zawk te

chhawmdawl a, hna tam tak siam a tum a. Chutah chuan hna thawh tur nei lo ten hna an neih

theihna turin hma an la nasa hle a ni. Loneitu te hnenah he pawl hian Jatropha chintir a, tichuan a

chite chu an lei sak anga, a hriak sawr chhuahna khawl te an ngaituah vek bakah, Biodiesel siam

chhuak thei turin a hriak sawrna khawl chi hrang hrang te hmangin loneituten an tih ve theih an

zirtir bawk a ni, tichuan tlemte atanga tanin kum 2003 thleng kha chuan, he project hi a

hlawhtling tawh hle a ni. Mithiam rual Loneitu, Scientist, Botanist, Agronomist, Economist,

Industrialist leh pawl hrang hrang inzawmkhawmin he pawl hi din a ni tiin ami chuan Mi

hnuaihnung ber leh rethei ber ber te zirtir in mi 2000 ai a tam fe chuan Jatropha chin an duhin

anmahni ram ah an ching a ni a ti. Tin, he pawl hian a ching duh englai pawhin a tanpui thei reng

a ni. Ramawl Hectare 100,000 ram chhungah chin a tum a, chu chuan a hriak Million Metric Tons

1 (khat) Biodiesel atana siam chhuah tur a thar chhuak dawn a ni.

SRIPHL hian damdawi siamna dilai Tulsi, Kalmegh, Kalihari, Ashwagandha, Awla,

Sapgandha leh a dangte chin hi a buaipui reng bawk a ni. Tichuan thlai chingtute nen thawk

hovin damdawi chi hrang hrang siam theih turin hma an la reng bawk ani.

Jatropha thlai hmasawnna: Jatropha thlai hi Rajasthan ah chin a ni deuh ber a, tichuan hmun

danga chin theih zel turin hma lak mek zel ani bawk a, ram awl leh thlai dang chin theih

tawhlohna ram chhia ah pawh awm thei anih avangin India ram chhung hmun tam zawkah pawh

chin theih a ni. Rajasthan ram Jatropha thlai chinna hmun hi Acres 1210 aia zau a ni a, Kum

2005-2006 ah chuan Hectares 1000 a zauah chin a ni ang a ti.

SRIPHL pawl hi Rajasthan Distrist hrang hrang ah kal kualin district thenkhat Churu,

Sikar, Jodhpur, Bikaner, Udaipur, Kota, Ajmer ah te Jatropha hi chin a ni ang tiin Mr Maharishi

chuan a sawi. Hei bakah hian Hectare khatah Rs.25000/- kan hmu chhuak ang a ti a, kum nga a

ral leh chuan hectare khatah Rs.25000/- kan hmu chhuak dawn a ni a ti.

Pawlin tanpuina a pek te:

He pawl hian Jatropha leh thlai dangte chinna turin hma lakna a neih te Chu:-

Supply of Inputs:-

SRIPHL chuan Hyderabad,Guwahati,leh Kolkata ah te hmanrua a pe a, chungte chu:-

i) Jatropha Curcas chi.

ii) Jatropha kung/tiak.

iii) Ramhmul damdawi ( a chi leh tiak )

iv) Agrotechnology

Nursery Raising services: He pawl hian a tiak awmna tur tha tak a siam a, chi tam zawka awm

theihna turin, kumkhat chhunga thar chhuah thlai te chu a chi an dahtha zel a ni.

Plantation Services :- A chinna tur hmun thuah te leh a khur, a ram endik leh ti chhe thei tu laka

ven te a ti vek a ni.

Consultancy Services :- SRIPHL chuan he thlai atan lei leh ram ruak chinna tur a tui leh lei

mamawh zat chenin a ngaituah a, Chung zingah chuan —A hmun endik hna an thawk, thlai chin

tur an thlang a, tui mamawhzat an chhut a, a thlai tangkaina ei theih tura buatsaih hna an thawk

a, thlai tichhe tur laka venna hmanrua an ngaihtuah, a thar chhuah huna lei leh sum a chantir hna

te, a thar chhuah a puitlina lak leh seng zawng zawng te an ti vek a ni. Preliminary stage ah chuan

a hmun tur en leh a lei endik te, a thar chhuah lei leh hralh te a ni. Preparatory stage ah chuan a

chi leh tiak dahna tura Nursery siam te a ni a. Plantation Stage ah chuan lei buatsaih, khur laih tih

leh a thatna tura enkawl leh ti chhe thei thil tihbo te a ni. Multi Tier Farming ah chuan a

pawimawhna leh thlai than duhna ngaihtuah te a ni.

Jatropha Processing Technology: He pawl hian Jatropha atanga biodiesel siam theihna turin a

siamdan kalhmang te a kawhhmuh bawk ani. Tichuan an pawl hian Biodiesel siamna bik an nei

leh a, chu chu Well Herbs Oils Pvt. Ltd. a ni a. Hetatang hian IOC te nen inbe pawpin ram dang

Germany leh Austria atangte pawh in tanpuina tam tak hmuh a m tawh, Mr Ma- harishi chuan a

ti.

Contract Farming:- He pawl hian Jatropha leh thlai dang te Ching tu te hnen atang a lei sak a tum

dan chu Pawlin a chintur a hetiang hi a ni:- Pawlin a chintur a pek te hnen atangin a chinna tur leh

chin dan a zirtirte, Ramhmul dawmdawi te chu a siamsa nilo in, thlai thar a lei sak ang. A chingtu

tur te nen an inbiakrem dan a zirin ramhmul damdawi chi hrang hrang te a thlanpui ang .Thlai

leina man chu inbiakrem dan a zirin thlai pek hnua ni 30 hnuah pek an ni ang.

Zirtirna:- He pawl SRIPHL hian zirtirna a thlawnin a pe reng a, hriat tur tul zawng zawng a chin

dan leh chinna hmun thu thlengin a taka zirtir an ni. Chung hriatirna te chu National Medicinal

Plants Board leh Horticulture Board te nen tangkawpin he thlai chin dan zirtima leh lei leh hralh

chhuah zawng zawng dan te tihsak vek an ni.

Jatropha over Edible Oils: Ram changkang zawk USA leh Europe ram dangah te chuan Biodiesel

hi an lo hmang nasa tawh hle a, a that zia leh ram tana pawimawh tak a nih thu an lo hre tawh a

ni. Chuvang chuan he thlai tangkai tak Jatropha hi ram dang ten an chin ve theihnaturin hma an

la nasa hle a, USA chuan hriak an lak chhuahna tam ber chu bekang thlai atang hian biodiesel an

siam chhuak a, chutiang bawkin Europe leh Canada ah te an lo ti ve bawk a ni. India chuan

Million Ton 100 chuang Soyabeans leh Sunflower thlai atangin hiak kan thar chhuak a, tichuan,

Million Ton 6.7 chu thlai dang thlai hring hnah atangin kan thar leh a. Heng thiai atanga hriak kan

thar chhuah zawng zawng te hian kan Ram in hriak a mamawh a phuhruk lo a, chuvang chuan

thlai tlawm zawk kan chin a ngai a, chutah chuan Ethanol hi Million Tons 1.3 kan thar chhuak a,

kan thlai thar chhuah tam tak hian kan ram a hriak kan mamawh min phuhruk lo a, ram dang

atangin kan la la lut reng a ni. Thlai atanga hriak hman hi a hrisel a, kan hman tam ber pawh a

niin, fuel atana hman theih thlai tha tak a ni bawk a, Jatropha thlai lo thlai dang pakhat

Pongammia pinnata an tih ang chi te hi kan ram ah a tha duh a, khaw lum lam leh tui tam tak ngai

lo ani a, chuvang chuan he thlai hi kan ram chhengchhe tawh takah pawh hian a tha duh hle a ni.

Thlai dang Jatropha a that bikna:- Thlai dang hriak tam tak hi chu biodiesel atan a hman theih

loh bakah, iodine leh acids tam lutuk avang hian a tha lo ani. Chuvang chuan Jatropha hi a tha bik

em em a, a ram leilung chinna tur atan, lei tha a mamawh tlemin tui a mamawh tam lo a, enkawl a

ngai nasa lo a, chumai bakah a chi hian hriak a pe chhuak hnemin, hectare khat zelah sunflower

aiin kum khata a thar chhuah a let 12 in a tam a ni. Tin, ruahtui hi kum khat a tan 800ml chauh a

mamawh a, kum khatah vawi tam tak a chi a awm thei bawk a ni.

Jatropha chin a thatna/hlawkna:- Mr.Maharishi chuan Jatropha thlai atang hian kum khat

chhungin hectare khatah a chi 250kg tharin chu chuan hriak 120kg a pe chhuak a. kum 2 ah

1000kg/ha — 480kg oil, kum 6 na-ah 12000kg/ha — 5760kg a hriak a thar chhuak a ti. Mi

pakhat in kum khat chhungin hectare khatah Cheng nuai khat zel an hmu thei a ni. A chi tha chi hi

Rs.21/kg niin a tiak chu Rs.2/-ha. a ni a, chutichuan kung 1100-2500 hectare khatah a awm dawn

a ni. Mr.Maharishi chuan, a sum deh chhuah zat leh thar chhuah theih zat hi sawi chian theih ani

lo a, a lei that dan a zir leh a lei tihfai hmasak leh tihfai loh a chin/phun hian a hlawk leh hlawk

loh ah kawngro a su a, a chinna atana senso ruahmanna neih chu Acre khatah Rs. 1,000/- a ni a. A

hralh chhuahna tur lam erawh chu petrodiesel aiin biodiesel hi a that zawk avangin harsatna a

awm lo a ni a ti. He thlai hian petrodiesel a that loh zia a tichiang in, biodiesel hi tlawm zawkin

kan lei thei anga kan hmang tam dawn a ni a ti.

Sik leh sa a mamawh :- Jatropha hian lei tha tak a mamawh lo a, ram chhengchhe tawh takah

pawh a tha duh hle a, kum 50-60 thleng a nung thei a ni. He thlai hi khaw lum lam deuh leh, tui

tam vak lohna ah pawh a awm thei a, tin, a tiak kan Phun atanga kum khat vel chhung tui a

mamawh ve deuh tih mai loh Chu, tui a mamawh hnem lo hle a ni. A chinna hmun/ ram azirin tui

a mamawh dan a tlemin a tam ani.

Biodiesel siam tura mamawhte:- Planning Commission of India hnuaia Biodiesel siamtu te

committe chuan kum 2003 khan biodiesel hi diesel hlang hmanna aiin 20% in a pung ani a ti a.

Tun dinhmun ah chuan mi tam zawkin an siam mek tawh a, kum 2007 ah chuan mi tam zawkin

kan la duhin kan siam dawn a ni Mr.Maharishi chuan a ti. India ramin diesel kan hman hi 5.6% in

kum tinin a pung anga, tuna kan ramin kan neih zat erawh chu 22% chauh a ni si a. Chuvang

chuan feul lamah harsatna kan tawk mek a ni a ti a, chutiang zel in Petroleum lam kan deh

chhuah tlem laiin, kan ram leilung awl tam takah hian biofuels siamna turin thlai kan chin chuan

ram dang Europe leh USA ram atang a kan lakluh zawng zawngte a phuhruk dawn a ni a ti. Kan

thlai hring thar chhuah atanga hriak kan thar aiin a chi nei chi thlai atanga hriak hi a tlawm zawk

hle bawk a, chin a awlsam zawk bawk avangin leh tunah hian chuan mi rethei leh hnuaihnung

zawkte tan a hna an thawh ve theihna a nih avang bawk hian ram hmasawn nan kan intodelh a

lul tawh a ni a ti.

Nakin atana a thatna tur:- Mr.Maharishi chuan Jatropha chin hi nakin atan a that zia sawiin,

diesel man a to chho zel dawn a, ram dang (foreign) ami kan lakluh na lamah harsatna a awm zel

ang a, a man a sang zel anga, kan ram leilung hi a chhe telh telh ang a, tui leh leitha te hi a tlem

tual tual ang a, chu chuan ram retheihna a thlen dawn a ni a ti a. Kawng lehlamah chuan kan ram

India ram hi kan leilung, tui te hi kan humhalh thei a, Jatropha thlai kan chin hian khawvel ah

lang tham khawpin Biodiesel hi kan siam chhuak thei a, sum leh paiah kan in todelh bawk dawn a

ni a ti.

Benifits of biodiesel Jatropha chin dan:- (India rama Cheng mirethei leh thingtlang mi hna nei

lo te tan hna tam tak an neih theih phah dawn a, Jatropha hi Biodiesel siam nan thlai tha tak a ni

bawk. Kum tin in, a ni tel in diesel man a to chho zel a ,tunah phei chuan rambuai leh helho te

avangin fuel lamah harsatna kan tawk chho mek a. Kan ram India pawh hian Petrolium ah kan

intodelh loh avangin chu chu kan tawk mek a ni. Tunah hian 70% chu hmun dang, ram dang

atangin crude oil hi kan lalut a, kan mamawhna pawh a pung zel a, chutah chuan diesel hmang

khawl hi a tha in a tlo a, kan ram in kan hman tam theih ber a ni bawk a, mahse chu chuan boruak

a tichhia a, a thianghlim lo thei a, natna tam tak a thlen a, khawvel dinhmun a tihniamin harsatna

tamtak a thlen a ni. Hetah hian diesel leh petrol hmanna thlak tu tur thil dang hman a ngai tawh

zia a tilang a, Biodiesel chuan petrol leh diesel hlang hmanna tam tak a thlak thei a ni. Biodiesel hi

thlai hriak atang mai a siam ni mahse, tangkaina tam tak a awma, a hriak kan hman theihna dang

dang ei siam nana hman theih bawk si te hi a thatna a ni.

Boidiesel tobul:- Biodiesel hman hi thil thar a ni 10 a , hman atanga an lo hman reng tawh a ni.

Biodiesel hmu chhuaktu Rudolf Diesel chuan. Kum 1901 khan Badam hriak atangin biodiesel a

siam a, motor khawl ah a lo hmang tawh a ni. Tichuan hun reilo teah petroleum fuel kan lo

hmang tam zawk in biodiesel hi kan hmang lo ta reng a, tunah chuan hmanlai a an lo tih dan ah

khan kan kir leh a hun in kan mamawh leh tawh zawk ani.

Biodiesel that bikna te:-

i) Diesel pangngaiah awlsam taka pawlh theih a ni a, Petroleurn hi 100% in a thlak thei ani.

ii) Motor khawl tam tak kan hman hluite hi thlak loin a hman reng theih a, tin, khawl thar

siam leh hman a ngailo a ni.

ii) Boruak chhia titlem tu pawimawh tak pakhat a ni, Carbon Dioxide(Co

) hi 80% in a ti

tlem bawk a ni.

iv) Boruak chhia siamtu Hydro-car- bons, Aromatics,Sulpher Dioxide leh a dangte ai hian

Petro-diesel hi a hlauhawm zawk a ni

v) Agro kaltlang anih avangin thingtlang a mite tan hna an hmuhna awlsam leh tha tak a ni

bawk.

vi) Biodiesel siam tur hian ,thlai hiiak nei thingkung tam tak- ram awlah phun a ngai a, kan

thingkung phun tamtak te chuan boruak tha siam a, boruak tha tam zawk chuan ram boruak a ti

thianghlim a ni.

vi) Thil siamna khawl hrang hrang Sahbawn, Bio-gas, Power, lam siamna khawl hmun

kilkhawr leh thingtlang zawkah te a awm theih phah a ni.

Suitable Oil seeds:-

India hian thlai hriak nei tam tak kan hman tur kan thar chhuah mek laiin kan

thar chhuah aia tam ram dang atangin kan la lut bawk a ni. Kan thlai thar hriak ei chi te hi eitur

siamna atan a that hle laiin, Biodiesel atan chuan siam chi a ni lem lo mai thei a. Thlai hriak eiloh

chi atang hian Biodiesel hi awlsam taka siam theih leh tha a ni a. Jatropha Curcas(Ratanjyothi)

leh Pongammia Pinnata(Karanjia) hriak te hi an hriak ei chi loh si ah chuan a chin a awlsam in,

Biodiesel siamna atan hian a tha pawl ber ani a. Ram leilung chhhengchhe tak tak karah pawh an

tha duh hle a ni. Leitha leh tuitam an mamawh lo a, lum an mamawh hnema, India ram leilung Sik

leh sa nen hian a inhmeh hle in, kan ram tan hmasawnna ropui tak a ni bawk.

Hralhchhuahna :- Biodiesel hi petro diesel nen hmanna a in zat in a in an reng avangin a hralhna

turah pawh harsatna a awm dawn lo a ni. Thlai hriak nei tam tak chin chuan Petro diesel aiin a

man a lo tlawm thei ang a, mi tam zawkin kan hmang duh zawk ang, Kan intodelha kan thar

chhuah tam poh leh hralh chhuahna a tam dawn avangin sum tamtak kan hmu dawn a ni.

Hman chhinna: Biodiesel hi Motor khawl chi hrang hrang ah hman ni in , motor té leh lian

zawkah te, Rel thenkhat bungraw phur chiah te Indian Railways leh Road Transport corporations

chuan an lo hmang chhin in a hlawhtling hle tawh a. Chuvang chuan Petro- diesel te a man a lo

san tual tual avang hian thlai hring atanga fuel kan hmuh hi kan hmang tam zawk dawn a ni.

Ramdang a Biodiesel hman dan :- Ram hmasawn tak tak USA leh Europe ram thenkhat te

chuan Biodiesel hi an ram leilung tana a thatzia an hriat tawh avangin, thlai hriak nei hi an ching

nasa in an hmang nasa hle tawh a ni. Ram dangte pawhin an hman ve theihna tur pawhin hma an

la nasa a, sum lam a tanpuina te pe in, chhiah (tax) pawh an tih tlemsak a ni.

Tawpna:- India ram leilung sik leh sa, lum leh vawt lutuk lo bawk si, ram awl tam takah hian he

thlai hriak nei tha tak hi chin a awlsam hle a. Enkawl a hautak lo in, ruahtui tam tak a mamawh

bawk si lo a, kan ram leilung ah hian harsa lo takin kan chin theih laiin ram dangte chuan an ram

leilungin a zirloh viau lai pawhin harsa takin an ching a. Chuvang chuan kan rama kan chin chuan

kan lo intodelh anga, fuel tlawm leh awlsam zawkin kan hmu thei dawn a. Mi harsa leh

hnuaihnung zawkte tan kawng tha tak a inhawng ang a, kan tana hna tha leh awlsam,

changkanna rahbi a ni bawk dawn a, chu chuan ram a ti hmasawn thei dawn a, kan ram tan a

pawimawh a ni.

WOMEN IN AGRICULTURE IN MIZORAM

R.Zoramthanga

Asst.Agril.Information Officer

Directorate of Agriculture

Mizoram, A izawl.

1. Women in Agriculture (Hmeichhia te loneih a eizawn) tobul:

Kum 1991 chhiarpui neih kum khan India ramah hmeichchhia 406.38 million (Nuai

sangli sawmruk pathum leh singriat) an awmin za zelah 75 chu thingtlang mi an ni a. Hmeichhia

za zel ah 34 ten agriculture lam kawng hawi zawng in hna an thawk.

Hmeichhia te hian Agriculture ah tangkaina an neih rualin Rural Development

Programme ah te leh Programme hrang hrang ah te hian hmeichhe ho bik liau liau a Progamme

duan a la awm ngai lova.

Hei hi hriatpuiin Central Sorkar chuan Women in Agriculture' hi VIII Five Year Plan

hnuaiah a lo duang chhuak ta a, a hmasa ber in India ram State hrang hrang Maharastra, Uttar

Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Kerela, Rajasthan leh Himachal Pradesh ah te tan a ni a; a hlawhtlin

em avangin Hmarchhak State 5 (panga) ah te hian enchhin leh tur a duan chhuah (pilot basis) a

ni leh ta a ni. Heng state thlan thar leh te hi Méghalaya, Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland, Tripura an

ni a. Heng state panga ah te hian District pakhat theuh thlan phawt a, a hlawhtlin dan a zirin

district dangah pawh la chhunzawm zel tur a ni ang. Heng te hi a tobul pawimawh zual sawi tur

chu a ni.

2. Women in Agriculture thil tum te:

1) Agriculture leh a kaihhnawih thil a hlawk leh intunnun nan a hman theih tura thiamna tunlai

zawk leh changkang zawk (technical support) leh thlai chite (input support) pek leh zirtir.

2) Inchhung chetvel leh eisiam dan kawngah hma an sawn nan a zirtir.

3) Bank loan leh tanpuina dang, co-operative society te dintir tura hmalak sak.

4) Lo hnathawktu hmeichhia te pawl a siam a, Chung ho chu agriculture lam a thiam thil

thehdarhtu atan a hmanrua ah a hmang.

3. Women in Agriculture Target :

- Lo enkawllai mek hmeichhia.

- Loneih lam a rorelna a tel ve hmeichhia te.

- Thiamna thar leh lo neih dan changkang zawk seng lut duh chhungkua.

4. Women in Agriculture Agency function dan:

District Level a thawk tur hian Non- Govemment Organisation nise duhthusam a ni a.

Heng NGO te hian Farm Women Group din leh hnathawhna kawngah hma lain mawhphurhna an

nei ang. Agency thlan te chuan heng te hi an nei tur a ni.

- Thingtlang nun hnuaihnung ber thlenga thil hriat.

- Loneitu hmeichhia te nen a inkungkaihna tha tak neih.

- Thingtlang mite mamawh leh harsatna hriatpui.

- Lo lamah leh inlama hmeichhia loneitute hnathawh thin hriatpui.

- Input agencies ten district chhunga hna an thawh thin hriatpui.

- Co-ordinator atan a hmeichhia pawl (Group) neih.

Agency a chunga tarlan tak tihlawhtling thei an awm chuan State Government in

Government of India hriattir in an thlang tur a ni a. Non-Governmental Agency tha tak

thlanchhuah theih an awm loh chuan heng te hi District Agency atan thlan theih an ni.

1) Agriculture University/Home Science College/ICAR Institutes Working with Women Group.

2) District Women Development Agencies.

3) District Agricultural Authorities.

State Department of Agriculture chuan Nodal Agency a nihna angin District level a

hnathawk tur District implementing agency ( a theih chuan NGO) a thlang ang a, sawi tawh angin

an awm loh chuan hmun dang atang pawhin a la thei a ni.

5. Women in Agriculture Scheme a Hmeichhe loneitu (Farm Women) enkawl tu:

District Implementing Agency te hian facilitators 3 an ruat tur ani a. Heng facilitators te

hi Agriculture/Home Science/Other related subject a graduate an ni tur ani. Tin, heng facilitators

te hian an hnathawhna hmun a thil pawimawh, a hniam ber atangin an hre tur a ni. Facilitators te

hian Sub-Division level ah hna an thawk bawk tur a ni. Tin, facilitators te hian Women Group an

din tur ani.

Facilitators te hi kawng hrang hranga training -nei an ni tur a ni a, Facilitators training hi

induction training an ti a, Directorate of Extension, Ministry of Agriculture mawhphurhna niin

State Agriculture University ah emaw, ICAR hmunah emaw neih tur a ni.

- Training chhung hi thlakhat a ni.

- Refresher Course kar hnih awh project period chhungin kumtin neih iah bawk tur a ni.

6. Women in Agriculture a kawhhmuhtu (facilitator) te hnathawh dan:

Women in Agriculture a kawhhmuhtute hi Facilitators an ni a. Facilitators chuan loneitu

hmeichhia te kilkawi in pawlah an siam a, Pawl (Group) khatah mi 20 zel an ni a. Pawlkhat a mi

te hi khawkhat a mi, khawkhat a mi in a daih loh chuan khaw hnaivai a mi an ni tur a ni a, hei hi

facilitators te remchan dan leh thingtlang khua a mi chengzat a zir a ni ang.

Facilitators te hian pawl sawm - pawl khata mi 20 zel awm an din tur a ni a. Chutichuan

facilitator pakhat zel in mi 200 a ho dawn tihna a nih chu. Heng mi 200 te hi 'multiplier effect'

hmangin la punchhoh leh tur a ni. Farm Women Group te hi Krishak Mahila Shakti Samuhas ti a

koh an ni a, District Agricultural Office hnuaiah leh V/C hnuaiah register a ni. Hetiang dan hmang

hian Facilitators te hian hna an thawk mek ani.

7. Mizoram a 'Women in Agriculture Implementing Agency:

Mizoramah chuan Implementing agency atan State Agriculture Department ruat a ni a,

Pawl (Group) 30 siam tur a ni. Tin, district ah chuan Lunglei district, Hnahthial leh a chhehvel

khua te thlan an ni a, hengah te hian Hmeichhe Group (Women Group) thlan chhuah an ni. He

Scheme hi kum 2000-2001 atang a tan in heng khua te hi thlan anni:-

1) Hnahthial

2) Tuipui ‘D’

3) Leite

4) Thiltlang

5) Pangzawl

6) Rawpui.

8. Baseline Survey:

He Scheme Guidelines in a tarlan angin Facilitators thlan 3 te hian Baseline Survey an'

nei tawh a. He Servey hian thingtlang hmeichhe dinhmun kimchang taka hriat sak a tum ber a ni.

He survey report atang hian hma lak dan tur hrang hrang pawh duan chhuah a ni.

9. Induction Training neihdan:

He Training hi facilitators te tan a tih bik a ni a. ICAR Complex, Barapani ah neih ani. He

training ah hian Agriculture leh a kaihhnawih kawng hrang hrangah thiamna leh Technology thar

zawk te zirtir an ni a, chu chu loneitu hmeichhe ho tana la tangkai tur ang ngaihtuah a

programme pawh duan a ni.

10. Mizoramah Women in Agricul- ture Scheme a hmalak tawh dan:

He Scheme hnuai ah hian a ram leilung leh mihring Cheng te azirin hmalak a ni a.

Mizoram ah chuan heng hmeichhe group ho te hnenah hian thlai chi tha leh thar hlawk chi te sem

a ni a. Tin, heng bakah hian hetiang hian hmalak tawh a ni.

1) PIGGERY: Hmeichhe Group ho ten local breed an thlakthleng theih nan vawk chi tha zawk te

pek an ni. Vawk note 8 group 4 hnenah pek an ni a, hengte hi pawl anga enkawlin an buaipui

dawn a ni. He hmalakna hian a tum ber chu nu hote'n lo hna thawh leh thlai thar bakah sum

lakluhna hran an lo neih theihnan a ni.

2) BEE-KEEPING: Group 8 hnenah khuai bawm te pek a ni a, hei pawh hi group hmalakna tur a

tih a ni a. Heng khuai bawm te hi serthlum huanah te dah a ni a, hei hian an income bakah natural

pollination ah a pui dawn a ni.

3)DISEASES & PEST MANAGEMENT: Hmeichhe Group hovin hma an lo lak tawhna (thlai ah bik)

leh he Scheme hnuaia an bul tanna a an harsatna te buaipui sak in field visit te neih a ni a.

Panhnah Ching tute hnenah an panhnah natna enkawl dan te zirtir an ni bawk.

4) FOOD PRESERVATION: Thingtlang nuho te hian an thlai leh thei tharchhuah te a dahthat

danah harsatna an tawk nasa em em a, chumi kawng a tanpui tur chuan Pickle leh Jam siam te, a

tihro dan te zirtir an ni bawk.

5) WEAVING: Nuho ten lo lam hnathawh baka sum an lakluh ve theih nan puantah lamah

training pek an ni bawk. Heta tan hian puantah khawl 2 Group 2 hnenah pek an ni a, a zirtir tur te

pawh lawmman pek a rawih sak an ni.

6) STUDY TOUR: Heng group thlan ho te hi State pawn leh chhungah tour neih pui an ni a, hetah

hian loneih lama hmasawnna turin Agriculture Farm te leh mimal huan nei tha deuh te tlawhpui

an ni.

7) EXHIBITION: Crop Exhibition hi vawihnih Hnahthial hmun ve ve ah neih a ni a, Farm Women

te thlai tharchhuah a tha in kan hlawhtling thin hle a ni.

Heng a chunga kan tarlan te bakah hian thildang dangah pawh hma lakpui tum an ni a.

Tin, hma lo lak tawhna enkawl zuina (follow-up programme) tur pawh kalpui tum a ni. Tunah

result tha tak tak a awm tawh a, he scheme hian a thil tum ber hi a hlawhtlin pui ngei beisei ani.

11. STUDY TOUR NEIHPUI DAN:

‘A’ RAMCHHUNGAH:

1) Neihbawi Agril.Farm

2) Thingdawl Agril.Farm

3) Kolasib leh a chhehvel ARC area

4) Saihapui MIP Land Development.

5) Tuichhuahen Land Development

6) Champhai WRC Fams.

Ramchhungah hian loneitu hmeichhia 25 zinpui an ni a, facilitator pahnih in an hruai ani.

‘B’ RAM PAWNAH:

1) Charighat Vegetable Farm, Assam.

2) Organic Farm, Suklabaido, Assam.

3) Sikkim (Gangtok)-a Agril.Farm hmun hrang hrang ah.

4) Shillong, Meghalaya, ICAR Complex fanpui a ni.

Ram pawnah hian loneitu hmeichhia 16 zinpui an ni a, Facilitator pahnih in an hruai ani.

12. CROP EXHIBITION NEIH DAN:

Heng te hi loneitu hmeichhia ten an thlai thar ngei Exhibition item an entir thinte chu

ani.

1) CASH CROPS : Coconut, Fu, Balhla, Mizo la, Panhnah leh Kuhvarah te.

2) CEREALS : Buh (a fai leh a hum), Vaimim leh Puakzo te.

3) FRUITS: Ser, Sertawk. Serthlum. Nimbus Zammir. Thingfanghma,Lakhuihthei, Tengtere,

Sapthei leh ram thei chi hrang hrang te.

4) LEAFY VEGETABLES : Antam chi hrang hrang, Maian, Zikhlum, Parbawr leh Brocolli te.

5) OTHER VEGETABLES: Mai, Mai pawl, Bawkbawn, Samuwk, Bal, Kawlbahra, Behlawirah,

Iskut, Bean, Bekang, Chhawhchhi, Tomato leh Bete te

6) SPICES & CONDIMENTS : Hmarcha chi hrang hrang, Sawhthing, Lengser, Pardi, Bahkhawr, Zo

purun te.

7) PRESERVATIVES: Pickles chi hrang hrang leh Jam chi hrang hrang te.

A pumpui a Group ti tha te, Display tha leh mawi tan -lawmman 1

Prize – Rs 5OO/-, 2

Prize - Rs. 300/-, 3

Prize - Rs. 200/- leh Exhibition atel ve him hrim tan Participatory Prize -

Rs.200/- kan pe thin a ni.

14. Mizo Hmeichhia te hnena thu chah:

Hmanlai kan pi leh pu te atanga tun hun thleng hian Hmeichhia te hi ei leh bar zawnna

kawnga mi pawimawh leh loneih lama mi tangkai an ni a. Chuvang chuan he Central Scheme

pawimawh tak leh tha tak behchhan hian kan Mizo hmeichhia te hi loneih lamah hmasawnna tha

tak an neih an duhsakpui awm em em a. Kan ram ( Mizoram) ei leh barah a lo intodelh theihna

hmanrua chu hmeichhiate an ni tih hrereng ila, Loneih lamah hmasawnna kan neih theih nan tan

la sauh sauh turin hmeichhia te ka chah duh a; tan la uar sauh sauh turin ka ngen bawka ni

THAWHRIM CHU CHAWLHNA NUAM A NI

Rev. H.Lålrinmawia

Leader,C.K.T.P.

Bungkawn.

Tukina kan thupui "Thawhrim chu chawlhna nuam a ni" tih hi Zoram mamawh tak a ni.

Kan ram dung leh vang han thlir velin thawkrim lova chawlhna zawng kan pung ta zel em ni aw!

tiin a ngäihtuah theih ta. Sum leh paia intlansiakna a nasa a, thawk lova sum hmu thei chu mi

vannei ah kan ngai hial ta mai. Corruption do kum puan a lo ngai tahial te hi engtizia nge ni ta.

MUP hialin Corruption do an puang ta ni. Thawhrimna tel lova hausak, nawmsak leh hahchawlh

kan duh vangin Corruption a hluar ani ngei ang.

Kristiante thil thlir dan tur tehna pawimawh ber chu Bible anih avangin Bible thlir dan hi

thlir dan dik ber a ni ang a. Mihring chuan ama duhthu ngeia Pathian dan a bawhchhiat hlima

Pathian thu lo thleng chu- “ i dam chhung zawngin rim taka thawkin a rah chu i ei tawh ang"

(Gen.3:17) tih a ni. Thutiam hlen thin Pathian thu ani. Pathian thu hi mihringin atha atih zawnga

a dah rem mai mai chi a ni lo. Kan duh emåw duh lo emaw, ei hmu tur chuan rim taka thawh a

ngai ta phawt a nih chu.

Mihring nunah "Crisis" a awm a, Pathian malsawmna kan dawn avanga buäina leh

harsatna lo thleng thin a awm a, hei hi "Developmental Crisis” an ti. Malsawmna min petu-in

buaina leh harsatna a pe tel lova, a dawngtute ah buaina leh harsatna a lo thleng thin ani.

Thuhriltu chuan "Pathianin tluang taka nung turin mihringte a siam a, anni erawh chuan an ti

khirhkhan zo vek ani tih hi" (Thuhriltu 7:29) tiin a sawi a. He malsawmna lawmawm tak dawng

tur hian thawhrim a ngai a ni. Tunlai khawvel hmasawn zel dinhmunah hian rim taka thawh tur

hna peng erawh chu a tam ta a, chempui leh tuthlawh hmanga malsawmna haichhuah te,

dawhkan leh thutthleng nuam taka thawh te, khawlai leh boruak lam thleng pawh a thawh tur a

lo tam ta. Mahni hma zawn theuhah thawh tur tam tak a awm a ni.

Tunlai Zoram dinhmun han en hian kan thil thlir dan dik tawk lo a awm ta deuh em ni?

Thalai hnathawh tur nei lo kan tam ta. Kan chhehvel ram leh State atangin mi tam tak, mi ina

awm leh inhnuai luahin an awm a, Muslim kutpui a lo thlen meuh chuan Lammualah sing tel

dawn lai an pungkhawrn mai a ni. Khanga pung ho te kha nitina hnathawh tur hmu an ni a tih

theih awm e. Mi hausa te hian kan thalaite hi hnathawkah an chhawr duh lova, midang an duh

zawk tihna nge? Heng mite atangin hnam thatchhia kan ni ngai lo, lal rorel lai pawhin thalai

hnathawk lova ina awm te chu lalin a zawt chhuak a, dam reng hna thawk lo nih chu a zahthlak

tawp a ni. Tunah hian hna thawk mang lova hausa, nuam tawl thei ngaihsanna a hluar ta deuh a.

Hengte hian thalai leh thangthar zelte a hruai khawlo deuh a ni awm e. Kan Bible chuan

"Tupawhin hna a thawh duh loh chuan ei pawh ei suh se (IIThes. 3 : 10) a ti a, "Hnathawktu chu a

hlawh hmu tlak ani (I Tim.5: 18) a ti bawk a. Hna kan chhiar dan adang ta deuhte pawh a ni ang e.

Mahni hma zawn theuhah taima tak a thawk tura tih kan ni theuh mai. Hei hi i chhinchhiah the

ang- Thawhrimna tel lova hausakna te hian hlimna a thlen tak tak ngai lova, nun hahchawlhna a

keng tel lo. Taksa a thauvin a mum tha a ni thei e, thinlung hahchawlhna a thlenngai lo a ni.

Thiamna leh finna lo pung zel te hian khawvelah hahchawlhna min siamsak mai dawn lova, a

tipung hial zawk a ni. Kut dawngdah chuan retheihna a thlen thin a, mi taima kut erawh chuan

hausakna a thlen thin.( Thuf. 10:4).

Thufingte 14:23 ah chuan "Thawhrimna zawng zawngah hian hlawkna a awm a, ka a

sawi mai mai erawh chuan tlakranna mai a thlen a ni" tiin a sawi a. Thawhrimnaah pawh a tha

leh tha lo a awm ngei ang. Vantlang tana inpe em em, mahni in lam hna pawh thawk mümal hman

lo khawp a rima thawk thin mi tam tak an awmin ka hria. Tunlaiah phei hi chuan ram leh hnam

damna atan chhun leh zan chawl lova thawk, hlawh phut hauh lova beitu te avangin damna kan

chang mek a ni, a va lawmawm em. Kan thawkrim dawn a nih chuan kan thawh tur hna kha hna

tha a nih a ngai ang. Rim taka kän thawh tur chu thlan uluk a tha hle dawn a ni. Pathian

duhzawng hna, vantlangin apawm theih hna kan thawk ang a, hahchawlhna kan hmu ang. He

khawvelah hahchawlhna zawngin rim takin kan thawk thin. Lal ropui leh hausa bera an sawi thin

Solomona meuh pawh khan he nun hi a lo zawng nasä tawh a, nuamsip bawl ching a, a uäiin a

intihhlum ä tum a, in ropui a sa a; grep huan a siam a, dil tha leh ngaw nuam a siam ran ruäl tam

tak a nei bawk. Tangkaruå leh rangkachak a lakhawm a; zai mite a khawm a, mipa fate

lawmzawng hmeichhe tam tak a thlang a, a mit it zawng apiang a hlah lo. Hahchawlhna tak tak

erawh chu a thleng pha lo. A thawhrimna erawh chuan hlimna a siamsak a, "kå thawhrimna

zawng zawng avangin ka thinlung a lawm" ati a ni. "Mihring tan chuan ei leh in te leh a

thawhrimna rilru tihnawm te aliama tha a lo awm lo" (Thuhr.2:24) tiin a sawi a, Thawhrimnaah

rilru tihnawmna a awm tih a hria a ni.

Awle, kan ram pawhin Pathian malsawmna kän dawng nasa em em mai, In leh lo ropui

tak tak te kan nei a, kah bedroom nuam leh changkang tak tak te hi a ropui ngawt mai. Khumah

mutna dup tha pui pui nen kan khum man ringawt pawh a tam, mi rethei dinchhuahna tham

ngäwt tur delh bet chhungkua kan tam awm asin. Kån mut a tui chuang mang lo a niang. Mihring

nun hahchawlhna tak tak chu khum ropui leh nuamah a awm lo, sitting room set man tamah a

innghat lo. Chaw ei tuina pawh chaw leh a hmeh lam a ni ber lo, Thuhriltu vekin ''Thawkrimtu

chu a ei tlem emaw, a ei tam emaw a mut a tui thin" (Thuhr, 5: 12) a lo ti leh tlat mai. Mut tuina

pawh thawhrimna atangin alo awm thei a nih chu.

Pathian rawngbawltute nunah pawh hian zirtur tamtak ka hmu thin. Missionary te ram

thin ramro-ah, tawnghriatloh kara rim taka thawk thin te hi neksawrna karah, tawrhna tam tak

karah chhel tak leh taima takin chanchintha an hril a, thihchilh atul pawhin an thihchilh mai

bawk a. Khaw lum leh natna in a tihbuai reng, an rawngbawlsak ten an tihduhdah pawha thawk

tlat thinte nun hi nun awhawm a va ni tehlul em! An nunin hahchawlhna a hmu a ni. An

chhandamtu Lalpa hna, hna tha rim taka an thawk thin hian an nun a chawikang a, hrehawm hle

dawn a kan rinpui lai hian thawhrim avanga chawlhna nuam ram an lo thleng reng zawk nia

mawle. Ram chhungah nuam takin kan awm nia kan hriat laiin nun hlimna thuruk vawng tlatin ni

sensa hnuaiah hlim takin an hun an hmang thin a lo ni. An thawhrimna lawmawm chu he leiah

ngei hian an tel nghal a, vanah a la zual zel dawn lehnghal. Zirlai chuan a zirlaiah rim takin thäwk

rawh se. Sikul kal, leh University kal nih te a nuam a, a taka zir erawh chu a harsa duh viau. Zirna

hmuna nitina kal thin zirlai number a tam, tih täk meuha zirlai te zir a, hlawhtling ngei tura beitu

nih a pawimawh, Nu leh pa tamtakin fate zirnä turin sum kan ui lo, puk chawp pawhin an fee leh

mamawh kan ngaihtuah tang tang thin. A hlawhtlinna tur erawh chu Zirlaiah a innghat lian Zirlai

rim taka zir thinte chuan kum tawpah result lawmawm an dawng a, an thawhrimna avanga

chawlhna nuam ram an thleng thin. Zirtirtu in taima taka a zirtir chuan zirlai a hlawhtling a, chu

hlawhtlinna chu zirürtu nun hahchawlhtir tu a lo ni ve leh thung thin.

Loneitu, huan neitu pawhin athawhrah hlim taka a seng theihna tur chuan thawhrim a

ngai thin. A rah seng nghal mai a ni ngai lova, kum bul atangin kum tawp an thlir a, a tawpa rah

seng tur an thlir tlat avangin ruahsur leh nisa in a dang zo lova, taksa nuam lo naranin hna a

thulh tir ngai lo. Chutiang taka miin a beih chuan a rah a seng a, a thlantui luang zawng zawng te

theihnghilhin hlim takin a thawhrim lawmman a tel thin. Infiam mi pawhin lawmawm a dawn

theih nan a inbuatsaih a, infiamna tha taka a hmachhawn theih nan a thawkrim thin a, lawmman

a dawng nge nghe thin.

H.Boran chuan hla thu mawi tak a lo phuah chhuak a, "Thawk zel la i thawhah lawm

rawh, Thawhrim chu chawlhna nuam ani," tiin. Paula chuan Timothea hnenah "Lo neitu

thawkrim chu a rah chang hmasatu a ni tur a ni" (Il Tim.2:6) a ti a. Thawhrimnaah hian

hahchawlhna nuam a awm a, thawhrimna chu a hlu a, dehchhuah dan fello chu a riral thuai thin,

Heng zawng zawng aia ropui zawk chu — rilru leh thlarau hahchawlhna hi a ni a, Lal Isua hnenah

a awm. He khawvelah hian nei erh urh mah ila, rilru leh thlarau a hahchawlh loh chuan nun a

nuam tak tak lo. Rawngbawlnaah pawh hian a thawkrim apiang an hahchawl a, thuthluang nun

tihte kan sawi uar hle. Pathian thu a thuthluang nun chu — tih tur nei lova vah kawi mai mai,

rilrem zawngte nena inbawkkhawm a phul nilen mai mai a ni lova, thuthluang chu a awm hle hle

thei lova a phe sek a, a thawkrim thin a ni. "Thawk _zel la i thawhah lawm rawh, Thawhrim chu

chawlhna nuam a ni.

"A HOLISTIC APPROACH TO BAMBOO FRUITING & FAMINE

(2007-2009) IN MIZORAM

R Thansanga

Director of Agriculture (retd.)

6th June, 2005.

The most common species of bamboo, melocanna baccifera, melocanna bacccifera, called

'MAUTAK' in Mizo which contributes about 95% of the growing stock of bamboos an interval of

48-50 years. This phenomenon is called 'MAUTAM' in Mizo which was always accompanied by

Famine due to upsurge of rodents population particularly of 'Rats'. The last' MAUTAM? took

place in 1958-1960 in Mizoram. Based on the outcome of the research conducted by Padma Shri

C.Rokhuma, Mission Vengthlang of Aizawl, bamboo fruits constitute a good food and

nourishment with high calorie for rats which multiply themselves in thousand in no time. Then

they attack paddy fields and devour the grains rapidly in the jhum lands without sparing even a

single panicle.

It is happened that during the last 'MAU TAM' so many jhum paddy fields of the whole

village were over-run & completely devastated by the massive devouting rats outright as if it

were carried away by the whilwind which stands a mystery.

Bamboo fruiting (MAU TAM) and fåminé (TÅM) åre co-incident.

Let us see the present position of bamboot vegetation in Mizoram as follows :-

1. Geogråphic area - 21,087 sg.Km.

2. Forest cover - 15,935 sg.Km.

3. Båmboo forests - 6,447'sq.Km

(31% Of the geographical area)

4. Bamboo species - 22-26 nos.

The popular ones are:-

(i) Mautak (Melocanna baccifera)

(ii) Phülrua (Dendrocalamus hamiltonii)

(iii) Rawhthing (Bambusa tulda)

(iv) Rawnal (Dendrocalamus longispathus)

(v) Råwthla(teinstachyum dulloca)

(vi) Chål(Pseudostachyüm polymorphum)

(vii) Phar (Arundinaria callosa)

(viii) Tursing (Dendrocalamus strictus)

(ix) Vairua (Bambusa balcooa)

Flowering ang fruiting of species other than ‘MAUTAk' is not that conspicous towards

causing devastating famine save for seeding by nature.

The utility of bamboo is plenty. Bamboo industries can come up with many varying products

such as bamboo mat ply/board, chop sticks, agarbati sticks, bamboo shoots, bamboo furniture,

bamboo vinegar for insecticides etc.

Taking advantage of natural death and the regeneration with natural seed

propagation/dissemination, we have to evolve suitable strategies towards a holistic approach to

counter and solve the emerging problems and make the best use of the natural phenomenon in

order to derive maximum benefits for the rural poor in the villages.

'A' Measures suggested for further propagation and multiplication of 'MAUTAK' :-

Being an important indigenous species, it will be most advantageous to multiply 'MAUT

AK' population in great earnest for which actions may be taken as follows :-

l) The bamboos should be allowed to flower and fruit freely as many as possible.

2) Commercial exploitation of ' Mautak' bamboos should be avoided as far as possible before

fruiting and har- vesting of bamboos should be done only after the fiuits are ready for seed

purpose for further propagation.

3) It should be aimed at expenditure the existing bamboo forests after 'MAUTAM' so as to cover

0% of the total areas of Mizoram (i.e around 10,000 sg.km.)

4) Bamboo link roads constructed by the State Government under 'Baffacos' should be

fullyutilized for quick transportation of bamboos harvested soon after mature fruiting and fruits

dropping.

5) Number of fruits (seeds) required forplanting 10,000 sq.km. comes to 62,50,00,000 nos. @

625 nos. per hectare). This requirement should be met invariably (vide baffacos, 2004- 2005 to

2008-2009 issued by the Planning Department at page no.91 ) from the nature fruits in Mizoram

it- self.

'B' Measures suggested to combat and sustain the Famine:-

1) The intensity of famine by this time is expected to bring less suffering to the people of

Mizoram compared to 1959 famine due to the fact that dependence on local produce of rice is

very much less than before. Till 1959 famine the erstwhile Mizo district of Assam State was self-

sufficient in ice and there was no import from out- side the District. In other words the people

ofMizoram were fully dependent on Jhum Rice. At present 2/3 of the annual requirement of rice

comes from Food Corporation of India.

Therefore, the State Government have to have a buffer stock of one third requirement in

addition to the normal annual import of rice from P.C.I. to contain the impending famine.

2) Road communication net-work has been improved tremendously by now by manifolds

compared to 1959 which will facilities movement of food grains in the rual areas. However,

maintenance works of the existing roads may be given top priority particularly in rainy season

from 2006 A.D onwards.

3) So far no specific disease in epidemic from had been experienced from the earlier occasions of

'MAUTAM'. Howe ever, with the emergence of so many types of diseases since then, the State

Government may take precautionary measures to meet any such eventualities of epidemic dis-

eases that may invade the State all on a sudden as a result of the surging population of rodents

mainly of rats.

In the previous 1959 famine, the dying rats of slugging movement bred lice on their

bodies which were peeked by birds with their beaks as predators. In absence of bird population

as of today, there is every possibility of out-break of diseases, perhaps in epidemic form which

should be contained effectively.

'C' Conclusion:-

'MAU TAM' should not be viewed as a disaster. It should rather be taken as a divine

blessing. Bamboo plantations should be created under Farm Sector for which cropping patterns

should be formulated as per the land capabilities and the need of the farmers. Bamboo farms will

be industrialized to generate sound income to the rural poor and to each foreign exchange for the

State as a whole.

May '2007 MAUTAM' bring prosperity to Mizoram.

KHAUPUANG LEH AN SULHNU

H.Joela

S.O-Cum-S.A

Loneitu chhuak hmasa July-September, 2004 ah khan Khaupuang rawn awm dan

ka rawn tarlang nel nuala. A thupuia ka hman "Hrileng aia hlauhawm" anihna lai hmuhtur a

awm miah lo mai a. Khawlha remtu ten an lo hmuh hmaih a lo ni awm a. A chhiartu zawng zawng

ten lo hrethiam hram turin ka ngen a che u.

Awle, kan sawi tak ang khan Khaupuang hi thlaler atanga rawn intan anih thu kan hria a.

Thil in hmehlo pawl tak a ni in ka hria. Pawi an khawih theih dan kan hriat thiam theih nan

sulhnu an lo neih tawh te tarlanna nei ila a tha ang e. Anitaka, Khau hi rannung tlawmtak —

naupang pawhin awlsam taka an hmeh hlum theih mai a ni a. Mi a sehna thei lova, Khuai angin

mi a zuk nathei bawk hek lo. Kan eitur mi an chuhpui ngailova, kan ranvulhte an khawihbuai ngai

der bawk silo. Chutichung chuan rannung malkhaiah chuan hringfate chunga chhiatna thlentu ah

a chungchuang lurh mai a. A pheikhawk hrui phelh tlak an awm lo a ni ber mai. Kum 2004 ah

pawh buaipui ngai khawpin an la awm ta fo mai. Kumin 2004 kum laihawl velah pawh khan kan

ramah pawh buaipui ngai lek lekin a awm ve kha, An pawi khawih tawhte kan sawi tur hi hlawm

hnihin then ila, chungte chu—lndia ram bikah leh khawvel ram dangah.

(a)lndia ram pawn khawvel ram dangah: Khawvel history-ah Khau puang chungchanga ziaka

hmuh theiha awmah chuan Aigupta ram atanga Pathianin Israel fate a hruai chhuah dawn khan

Aigupta ram lal Pharo-a luhlul leh rilru sak tih nemna turin Khaupuang hman a nih kha. Hemi

tuma Khaupuang hi tunhma ah leh tun hnu ah pawh a aia nasa la awm lo leh awm tawh ngailo tur

a ni bawk a. Han mitthla ve chhin mah teh. In pakhat lek pawh nilo leh khawpui pakhat lek pawh

niloin; Aigupta ram pumah khan chhun pachangah van boruak an dap phui vek a, inchhungah

pawnah pawh han hawi vel mahse khau lo chu hmuh tur a awm lo. Van boruak an kharphui vek

avangin awkin ni a lem lai ai maha nasain khua a thim a. An bul ami pawh an hmu thei lo. Hetih

lai hun hi suangtuahna mitthla atanga ka thlir kir chuan mangang au thawm lo chu hriattur a

awm ka ringlo. Tap thawm leh ringtaka thinrim authawm karah kel be chuah chuah te, bawng bu

leh vawk ngek ri in a lo pawlh ngei bawk ang. Chhungkhat pa ber tan alu hai thlak duh ngawt ang.

An Lalpa Pharo-a anchhia an lawh nasa hle bawk ang. Hemi hma lawk hian rial nasatak a rawn

tlak avangin an thlai leh thei kungte, an ran vulhte leh nungcha tam tak a deng chhia a. Ransa

thiruang thenfai an zo fel deuh chauh a ni mai thei a. Hetiang taka tawrhna an chunga a rawn

thleng leh ta mai chu hriatthiam a har duh khawp ang. Darkar hnihkhat lek chhung in an bul vela

hnim hring hmuh tur awmlo ta mai chu, an buai dan tur chu i hriatthiam theih mai ka ring.

Khaupuang umbo a nihhnu a, an hawi kual vel makti hmel hmuh a chakawm ngawt mai. Hetih

hun hi kum 5500 vel liamta 3500 B.C vel nia chhut chhuah a ni a. Hemi hnu kum zabi engemaw

zat hnuah Joela ziakah tarlan a ni leh a. "Pomgranet theikungte, Tum te leh Apple thei kungte chu

a chuai ta …………… atangte chu a filh var veka" tih thu kan hmu leh a. Khaupuang te hi an tam

thei thin hle a ni ang, Jeremia, Isaia leh ziak dangah thil tam tak chhiar harsa tham khawpa tam

tehkhin nan an hmang vek a ni. Hemi hnu hian Alexandera'n India a rawn run hnu Kum 100-na

(B.C 225) ah khan rawn awm lehin nungcha tam tak in an thihphah a. Hemi tum hian mihring

nuai 8 aia tam riltamin an thi a ni. Hei hi nunna chan zat tarlan na hmasaber pawl a ni in a lang.

Heta tanga Kum 600 hnu (591 A.D) ah Italy ramah an rawn lang leh a. Hemi tum hian

Ran vulh nuai hnih chuang zet (Ransa leh Sava tiam lovin) ten nun an chan. Mihring nuai hnih

chuang an thi bawk. Kum 1613 A.D khan France ram kilkhat atangin an rawn lang leh thut mai a.

Mihring finna alo sang ta deuh bawk a, nunna chan tih tham sawi tur a awm lo. Amaherawhchu

Bawngrual 4000 kum khat chawm thei tura ngaih chu nikhat thilthu ah an vai hma vek mai a.

Thlai chin tam loh lai a ni hlauha nungcha tlem azawng chauhin nunna an chan a ni. Ziaka hmuh

theih atanga an tam ber tum ni a an hriat Chu, Kum 1784 kuma Africa khawmualpui chhimlama

Khaupuang a ni a. A tlem thei ang bera an chhut chhuah pawhin Tluk leh Dingawn Singthum aia

tlemlo niin an a ni. Mel killi 2000 (2000Sq.m) ram chhunga hnah hring awm reng reng chu an ei

kawlh vek a. Hemi tum hian vanneihthlak takin khawmual an chim thui hmain, thlipui tlehin

tuifinriat lamah a len lut hlauh mai a. Tuifinriatah an tla hlum vek a. An ruang hi tuifawnin

Vaukamah a rawn hnawl chhuak a, Tuifinriat kamah chuan an ruang chu ft.4 zeta sangin a intiang

thla zui mai a. Hetianga an ruang tling khawm hi mel 50 (Km 80) zeta thui hmuh tur a awm a ni.

Kum 1889 khan Nile lui phai kuamah an rawn lang leh a. An thlen chin a mi chu thing

hnah lah an ei fai hneh khawpa. Ram Sazu leh thehlei hote chu riltamin an thi teuh mai a. Hei

vang hian rul engemaw zat chu riltamin an thi bawk a ni. Kum 1900 kan chuan chhuah tak hnu ah

chuan mihring finna a lo sang a, an chanchin rei tak an lo zir tawh avangin tunhma ang em a

tawrhna nasa a thleng ta meuh lo. Kalkawng alo tha ta deuh bawk a, Khaupuang vanga harsatna

pawhin rei an daih ta meuh lo. Kum zabi 20-na (1900-2000) kan chuan kai hnu ah chuan 1949,

1958, thenkhatah an rawn lang leha, tunhma angin mihring nunna chan sawi tur tam awm

tawhlo mahse, a nghawng a nasa em em zel a ni. Ran vulh leh ramsa tamtak riltamin an thi a.

UNO-in hma a lakna zarah chawp leh chilha nun chan awmlo mahse, a sulhnu-ah hian

mitamtakin a hnu lamah an thih phah tho niin alang. Ram pilril leh kawng awm that lohna

hmunah chuan an la khawih pawi thei hle tho a ni. Khaupuang a rawn awm hian a nilo berah

pawh an thil tih chhiat hi Cheng vaibelchhe singkhat aia tlemlo ang hu ani. Ziakin an chhutchhuak

a ni. An rawn lan tawhnaahchuan rhihringnüaihzæchuangin mitthi tayk zia)wti ilaasual lovang.

Nikum hmasa lawk 1986-87 khan Africa khawmualpuiah an rawn lang leh a. Hemi

hmalawk 1985 khan khawkheng avangin Nungcha engemawzatin an thih phah a. Heivang hian

nasa takin tam a tla a, nunna chan pawh an awm nual. UNO an phibuai nasa hle a ni. Hetia chhiat

an tawh nasat nen, a rawn belhchhah tu ang hrimin khau a rawn puang leh ta vak mai si a. Hemi

tum pawh hian avan dapin an dap a. Ni eng pawh an khar thei hial a ni. An sulhnu chu Discovery

channelah an rawn tih lan thin hi. Ran vulh leh ramsa leh sava an thi hnem em em a. Ran vulh thi

zat hi singnga aia tlemlo an ni a. Mihring pawhin an tuar nasa em em a ni. Hemi tum hian thlaler

khau bakah thlai mal tlat ho leh khauphar hote achikima hmuh tur a awm an ti. UNO in a ngenna

avangin ram changkangin thlawhna leh damdawi nen an rawn suat pui a. Chuti nilose chuan an

khawihchingpen hneh hle ang. Keini Zoram ang tiat lek te hi chu an rawn kapzut duh tawk leh

kan ni mai thei a ni. He chhiat tawhna hian a nghawng thui hle mai a. Africa mihang ho chi leh chi

in huatna ala na thei thin hle a. An khawtlang nunah dan leh hrai fel tak an nei lova. Mingo hoten

sal (slave) anga enkawlin an awp bet a. An nin an chhuahsan hnu ah an duh thalin an khawsa ta a.

Khawtlang hun leh sakhuana lamah inkaih hruihna fel tak an nei silova. Ram pum mai khu

Lunghlu leh rangkachakah an hausa a. Nimahsela, anhausakna hi ralthuam lei nan an hmang

zova. Mipui an rethei em em a ni. Indo an hrat avangin an thawk thei lova. Tam mangang hote tan

tanpuina pek thlengin a harsa a. Kawng mumal a siam theihloh a. Natna mak tak tak a tama

mithiam an tlem bawksi nen, harsatnä an tawh hlek chuan a sawhkhawk a thui thei em em mai

thin a. Tuna kan sawi Khaupuang avang pawh hian an tuarna chuan vawiin ni thlengin nghawng

ala nei ani. Hetiang taka rannung tlawm täk, amala lak hran ngat phei chuan a hlauhawmna lai

sawitur awm reng reng silo hiän hetiäng taka pawi a khawih thei hi thilmak a tling a. Mithiamte

pawhin a ngaihna an hre biklo. Chuvangin, Africa ram mithiam tlemna hmun indo hrat tak bawk

si ho te khu chu, Kum zabi 20-na, space age-(Van thengreng lamah kan ngaihtuahna kän hmang

tawh) kan tih låi pawh hian, Khaupuang thin hote zahngaihna hnuaiah an la kun reng a ni kan ti

thei ang.

India ram bikah: .Hemi chungchanga ziaka chhinchhiah hmuh theia a awm chu, Kum 200 kalta

atangin a ni a. kum 1812, 1821, 1834, 1843, 1863, 1869, 1878, 1889, 1896-1897, 1901, 1903,

1912-1915, 1922-1931, 1940-1946, 1951-1955 leh 1962 ah te khan büaipui ngai khawpin ån lo

awm tawh a ni. Henghote hi ram pum huap nilovin, a kah paha hmun thenkhata thil thleng lak

khawm a ni. India ramin Independent a hmuh hnu ah chuan sawi tur ä awm ta meuhlo.

Amaherawhchu, 1900 hnü lamah pawh a tlem lütuk lemlo tih érawh kan hmu thei anga. Thiamna

a lo sang a in biak pawh a awlsam avangin pawi an khawih nasalo a ni mai awm e.

Tumkhat chu : Kum 1962 a rawn her chhuaka, vawkhniahzawn thla kan hmangral tep tawh a.

Dt.28, July, 1962 tukah chuan beisei aiin khua a thianga, khua pawh a lum ang reng fu mai. Office

Babu leh Babi hote pawh chhun chaw ei tumin an in buatsaih tan mek hlawm a. Chutihlai tak mai

chuan National Physical Laboratory hmunpuia Radar (Hmelma thlawhna lo thlithlaitu) khawl

enkawltu chuan ralkhel dar a hmetri ta vak mai a. An han chhui chiang a, ni eng hliahthim

khawpa tam Khaupuang chuan Delhi khawpui lam an rawn pan lo niin, mel 60 leka hla ah an lo

awm tawh reng mai a lo ni a. Hengho hi Delhi khawpuia lut lovin an khalh let a, Pakistan ram

lamah an rawn chhuahna Thar Desert hrulah um thla zelin Tuifinriatah um lutin an dangbet thei

ta hram a. Ram inngeihlo ber India leh Pakistan hote chu khawmual leh boruakah he Khaupuang

dang bet tur hian an thawkho zar zar a ni. He Khaupuang hi rampum huapa buaipui ngai awm

chhun a ni ta. A hnulamah hian a kahpahin khawimaw laiah chuan sawi tur ting chu a awm bawk

na a, nunphung khaihlak tur khawpa tam sawitur a awm ta lo. Kan State chhungah ngei pawh

hian nikum lawkah pawh hmuh tur a awm a. Kum 1993-ah pawh khan Sairang chhehvelah

pawikhawih tham an awm hman a. Loneitute bengvar avangin rang taka bawhzui anih avangin

pawi an khawih hman talo. Rual U deuh zawk te chuan sawitur an hriat ngei ka ring hlawm a.

Sawitur hria chuan rawn iak hlawm teh u.

COFFEE NURSERY SIAM LEH ENKAWL DAN

K.Laltlanmawia, M. Sc(Agri.)

Asst.Extension Inspector

Coffee Board, Kolasib.

COFFEE CHANCHIN TLANGPUI: Arabica hi Ethiopia ram bung pakhat Kaffa ramhnuaia an hmuh

chhuah a ni a. A that duhna ram leilung chu — hmun sang deuh 1000-1500 mts, kum khata

ruahtui 1600-2500mm vel tlakna leh ramlum lutuk lo 15-25°C vel hi duhthusam a ni a. Mizoram

ah pawh a tha duh hle a, hlawhtling takin a chin theih ani. Arabica hi variety chi hrang hrang

12(sawmpahnih), Central Coffee Research Institute (CCRI) Karnataka atangin huan neitute chin

turin siamchhuah a ni tawh a. Chungte chu — Selection (Sin)- 1, Sin -2, Sin-3 (S.795), Sln —4

(Cioccie, Agaro, Tafarikela), Sln — 5, Sln — 6, Sln — 7 (San Ramon hybrids), Sln — 8 (Hybrido —

de — Timor), Sln — 9, Sln— 10, Sln— I I leh Sln— 12 (Cauvery). Tuna Mizoram a kan chin uar

ber leh Coffee Board atanga kan pek chhuah ber chu Sln 12 (Cauvery) hi a ni a, han sawi

chipchiar deuh ta bik ila.

Cauvery (Sln — 12): Cauvery hi India ram ah chuan kum 1985 atangin chin uar tan a ni a. A kung

a buk duh hle a, a zarpui (Primary branches) pawh a zing bik hle a, kung puitling pakhat ah

zarpui 30-40 vel lai a nei thei a. Chuvangin Arabic variety zingah chuan a rah a hlawk ber a, 3000

Kgs per hectare thar chhuah theih ani a, enkawl that phei chuan 6000 Kgs per hectare lai te pawh

record a awm a ni. A thar hlawk ang bawkin enkawl that a pawimawh hle a, heng leitha/bawngek

pek te, huan samfai that te, a zar hun bi tha taka hlawi te, natna leh rannung eichhetu laka ven leh

a zar hlim tur (shade) te pawh uluk taka tih vek thin tur a ni a, enkawl that loh chuan kum reilote

ah an thi mai thin.

Robusta (Coffee canephora): Robusta hi Central Africa a hmuhchhuah a ni a, Arabica aiin a lian

zawk a, a hnah pawh a hlai in a hring dal zawk a, ram lum (20- 30°C) lama chin chi a ni a,

kumkhat ruahtui 1000-2000mm vel tlakna ah leh ram san zawng (Elevation) 500-1000 mts

velah a tha duh a. Central Coffee Research Institute (CCRI) atangin Robusta variety chi hrang

pathum tih chhuah tawh ani a, chungte chu—Se1ection 1 (S.270, S.274), Sln.2R (BR series leh

Sln.3R (CxR) te an ni a. Heng zingah hian S.274 leh CxR te hi chin uar ber te an ni.

Coffee hi a rah (Seed) atang leh a zung (Vegetative propagation) te in hi mitin tan a, tin,

Arabica te ang mahni ang chi ah phei chum nihna dik tak (true to type) kha an nih chhuah

pui/than chhuah pui theih avangin a pawimawh hle.

COFFEE CHI THA A PAWIMAWH: Coffee huan hlawhtling taka neitur chuan a chi tha a

pawimawh hle a, a rah hmin lutuk te leh hmin tha lo te phei chu kui loh tur a ni a. Coffee Board

atanga a chi tha siamchhuah ngei lei a, mahni a nursery a kui a intodelh ngei a pawimawh hle a.

"Thlai dang ang a hun rei lote chhung atan anih loh avang leh kan tu leh fate thlenga rochun tur

anih avangin a hun laia sum leh tha insen pawh ve a tul hle a ni. Coffee Board, Kolasib atangin a

chi tha Rs.150/- per Kg in lei theih a ni a, October ah dilna siam a, November/December thla ah a

chi lak a, December/January ah te kui hman ngei tura inbuatsaih lawk tur ani.

NURSERY HMUN TUR: Nursery chu thing lian pui pui zar hlim hnuaiah siam tur a ni lova, van

inhawng zau laiah a chung zar a siam tur a ni a, thal laia kui anih avangin leh tui nitin a pek a

ngaih avangin tui awm that hna hmun ah siam tur a ni. Hmun zawl leh kan huan bul hnai ah siam

nise a thiar vel pawh a awlsam bawk thin.

A KUI TIAHNA (Germination bed): A kui tiahna tur lei chu uluk takin 6 inches vel tal a thukin

chehphut tur a ni a, lung leh thing zung te uluk taka paihfai vek a, lei hlawm lian deuh pawh

hmehsawm vek tur a ni a. A tlangpuiin Coffee chi 1 Kg kui tur chuan, a dung lam 6 meter a sei a, a

vang lam 1 meter a tawk a, lei zawl atangin 15 cm vel tihpawn a, tui tlin tir loh tur a ni. A kui

tiahna hi uluk taka buatsaih tur a ni a, lung emaw thingzung emaw a lo awmin coffee tiak zung te

kha ngil taka awm thei lovin, a lo kawi/thlep thin a, chu chuan polypot leh huan a Phun thlengin a

than a muan phah thin a, fimkhur a ngai hle a ni.

A KUI DAN (Sowing): December emaw January ah kui hman ngei tur a ni a, a mam lam zawngin

dah tur a ni a, a dung tan zawngin inches khat vel ah inkar fel taka siam a, a chi chu zungbawk

khat vel a inhnaihin dah thlap tur a ni a. A chi te chu phum thuk lutuk loh tur, phum thuk lutuk

chuan a tiah har phah a, polypot — a Phun chhuah hun a tlai phah thin a, chuvangin tlemin nem

pil a, leiro dip tha taka pan te a vur leh mai zawk tur. Tichuan di ro emaw buhpawl ro emaw in

pan te a khuh leh diar diar tur a ni. Tichuan nitin tui hnawng tha tawk tura pek reng tur a ni a,

pangpar tuipekna ang chi hman ngei a tha. Kan kui atangin ni 45 hnu ah an lo tiak a, lukhum/

kawrkilh (topee/button state) ang deuh a chhipah a lo awm fer anga, chu chu polypot- a Phun

hun dik tak a ni a, tichuan fimkhur takin di ro leh buhpawl te chu lak sawn tawh tur ani.

POLYPOT-A PHUNSAWN(Polypot Nursery): A tlangpuiin Coffee chi 1 Kg kui atangin a tiak

3000-3500 nos. vel te a awm thei a, a hun taka phunsawn thei ngei tura lo inbuatsaih lawk a tha.

Polypot- a lei thun tur chu lei chunglang hang tha ni se, hrik ngei tur a ni a, a theih hram chuan

bawngek tin 2 leh balu tin 1kan lei hrik sa tin 6 ah chawhpawlh zelin sarang ah thun tura ni a,

sarang pawh lian lutuk a ngai lovä , "9 x 6" a lian a tawk mai a, lei thun hmain hmun 10-12 vel

talah tih pawp hmasak tur a ni a, tui tlin tir loh tur a ni. Polypot/Sarang a lei thun tur chu

tihhnawn hmasak tur a ni a, muk tha taka a chhip rual a lei chu thun tur a ni. Polypot te chu tlar

fel taka remin, a chung pawh a kui tiahna ang bawk a zar leh tur a ni a, shade net/Agro-shade net

a remchan loh loh pawhin dap tah emaw thinghnah tlakawlh lo ang chi te pawh a chung zarah

hman mai tur a ni.

Coffee tiak te chu polypot lai takah Phun tur a ni a, uluk taka kar chhuah a. A zung hmawr

lam sih chhum a, a tiahna hmuna leiseh chin a thuk in Phun tur a ni. Tin, polypot-a Phun hmain

polypot te chu tui leih huh hmasak thin tur ani. Zing kar emaw tlai emaw phunsawn nan

duhthusam a ni a, Coffee tiak te kha phunsawn tur tawk a kar chhuah a, tui ah emaw chiah a tha

a, ro lutuk in dah tur a ni lo. Tichuan huan a phunsawn hma chu uluk taka tui pek thin tur ani.

Polypot-a kan phunsawn te chu hnah 10-12 (5-6 pairs of leaves) vel an lo neih hunah huan a khur

kan laih ah te khan phun tawm mai tur a ni.

HRIATTUR PAWMAWH ZUAL TE:

1) Coffee chi tha ngei chauh kui tura ni a, coffee chi (seeds) te hi reitak dah tur a ni lova, kui nghal

thuai tur a ni.

2) Coffee kui na hmun (Germination bed) leh Polypot te chu tui tling thei a siam tur a ni lo a,

Coffee tiak lawng natna chi khat (Damping Off) a awmphah thin, abulah tawih in an thi mai thin.

3) Khau leh raunung dang (cutworms) ten Coffee tiak te an ei chhiat loh nan, nursery bul hnai te

chu-uluk taka tihfai reng thin tur.

4) Germination bed leh polypot nursery te chu a chung zar ngei tur a ni a, a bik takin tlailam ni

em nasat tir loh tur a ni a, natna chikhat (Cercospora leaf spot) a awmphah thin.

5) Bordeux mixture te nursery ah chuan hman loh tur.

6) Polypot-a Coffee tiak te than Chak tir na turin Urea hman ani thin a, kan hmang anih

chuan,Urea nawalh bawrn khat kha tui tin khat (15 lts.) ah chawhpawlh a pek tur a ni a, hei aia

tak chuan Urea hi pek loh tur.

WOMEN IN AGRICULTURE ZIN REPORT

C.Lalmawii,

Hnahthial,

Electric Veng.

Women in Agriculture hi kum 2001 ah Hnahthial ah hian din a ni a. Hetiang dinna atan

min thlang hi kan vannei hle a ni. Kan hotuten vawi tam tak min rawn kan thin a. Hmangaih tak

leh duhsak takin min enkawl thin a ni.

Kan hnathawh duhte a in ang lo chungin kan duh ang theuh min rawn pe thin a. Thlai chi

hrang hrang te, vawk vulh turte, Puantah khawl te, Khuai khawinate, Ar vulh turte, Panhnah

Ching pawlte kan awm bawk a, kan lawm thei em em thin. Loneitu nu rethei tete te hian kan

chhawrin kan tangkaipui hle a ni.

Tin, heng bakah hian rampawn leh ram chhungte min zinpuiin min fanpui thin a, kan

hlim thei hle a ni. Mahni suma kal tur nise kan hmuhphak miahloh tur ah te min hruaia thil tam

tak kan zir a, kan hlawkpui hle thin a ni.

Kum 2005 September thla a rawn in her chhuaka, ramchhung tlawha, zin le turin tih kan

ni a, Champhai lam kan hotuten an thlang a, 27th September, 2005 ah kal nise tih a ni.

27th September, 2005 ah Aizawl atangin kan chhuak a. Zemabawk daiah, Pathian hnena

inhlanna neiin Champhai lam panin kan kal ta a. Seling kan pelh atang chuan vawikhat mah kan

la kal lohna a ni a, thilthar hlir a ni. Keifangah thingpui kan in a, tluang taka kal zelin tlai dar 5:00

velah Champhai kan thleng a. Tourist Lodge ah kan thleng a, a nuam hle mai. Kan in tihfai zawh

ah chaw te kan ei a, kan hlim hle, kan thlenna nuam kan ti lutuka, mutna chang pawh hre lovin,

reitak kan meng a ni.

28th September, 2005 chaw eikhamah Grape huan leh Bean huan te en turin kan

chhuaka. Grape chu a hnah tlak lai a ni a. Bean erawh chu a tha hle a, a hmuhnawm hle a, thil tam

tak he hmunah hian kan zir chhuaka, kan hlawkpui hle mai a, abik takin huan neitute taimakzia

mawlh mai hi zirtham a ni.

Tin, Champhai Bethel veng nu ho Sawrkar tanpuina tellova mahni a indin Self Help

Group kan tlawh leh a, report te inpe tawnin thingpui tuitak leh an mahni ar vulhsa ngei min

eitira, kan lawm tak meuh a ni. Chubakah Rose huan mawi tak min enpui a Green House te min

enpui bawk a, kan hlim hle mai.

Chawhnu lamah leilet en turin kan kal leh a, a hmuhnawm hle mai, hna an thawh nasat

zia te kan hmuh chuan insit ana duh hle mai. Agriculture hoin enchhinna atana buh thar rang chi

an lak chhuah an chinna hmunte kan tlawh a, chubakah Pu Patea leilet biga 14 vel a zau kan fang

leh a, an taimak dan kan hmuhin hlawhtling awm reng an ni. Sanghate an khawi bawk a. A leilet

hian awllai nei lovin buhseng zawhah thlasik thlai ching zawm lehin a leilet enkawl dan leh a

thlai enkawl dan te kan zir hova, kan hlawkpui tak meuh meuh a ni.

29.9.2005 ah Rihdil en kan chak tlat avangin Pu Rohmingthanga Colney, D.A.O.,

Champhai in a tul leh pawimawh zawng zawng min tih fel sak a, keini tan chuan thil thar vek a ni

a, engtikah nge kan kal leh ang tih pawh hriat loh a ni si a, Rihdil panin kan kal ta a, Rihdil panna

lei a lo chhiat avangin kein kan kal a, ruah a sur bawk si a, kawngte pawh a nal hle mai. Mahse,

kan phur bawka, hrehawm pawh ti lovin Rihdil chu kan thleng chho vat a. Rihdil hmunah rei

vaklo kan awm a, eitur kan ken te kan ei a, thla te kan la a, helai hmun kan thleng hi thil tam tak

min ngaihtuah tir a, Pathian Pathian zia leh ropui zia leh thil tih theihzia mihring te hriat phak

rual a nih loh zia min ngaihtuah tir reng a ni.

30.9.2005 ni ah Champhai atanga haw kan in buatsaih ta a, kawngtluanin sawi tur kan

ngah tlang hle a, tawng kan in chuh laih laih reng a, hei ang renga hlimni hi tawng leh tak ang

imaw! Tichuan Seling kan thleng a, mahni hmun lam theuh pan turin kan in then ta a ni. A

lunglen thlak hle mai.

Kan zin kawng zawng zawng a Pathian min hruainaah lawmthu kan sawi a, chubakah

kan hotuten min duhsakna leh ei leh in ah te kan hrehawm hlau reng reng a min ngaihsakna

zawng zawng ah te leh Pu Rohminga'n ruahsur khawchhe hnuaiah pawh thahnem ngai taka min

hruaina a kan zinna hian rah tha a chhuah loh hlauva zirtirna te min pe reng hi a chungah kan

lawm tak meuh meuh a ni. Kan Sawrkar leh hotute chungah lawmna sawi sen loh kan nei a. Kan

lawm tak meuh meuh a ni e.

Women in Agriculture dam reng rawh se.

AGRICULTURE EXTENSION

Khawtinthanga Ralte

A.E.O (Rtd.)

Vawiin ah hian Agriculture Extension chungchang thu hi a sawi awm mite engemaw

vanga an remchan loh avangin kan hotuten ka kovah an han nghat ve chawt a. Sawi dan tur chi

hrang tam tak awm mahse keiman tul leh pawimawh ka tih zawngte sawi turin k ahan inbuatsaih

ve a ni.

Extension hma lakna tur pawimawh pahnih han tar lang hmasa ila:-

1. Agriculmre kan eizawn dan ah hian rilru put dan leh ngaih dan hmasa nghet tlut mai

tunlai hun nen a inmil tawh silo, kan loneitute rilru hniam tak kha thlakthleng sak thei tura kan

zir thiamna a taka hman theih te mi hmin thei ngei tur a practical a mi hmuh theih ngei a lantir te.

2. Loneitu mi tlangpui hi chu an thil hriatchiante hi a chiang tawk lo fova, thiam nia kan

inngaih te pawh an thiam chiang lova, a bul te atanga a tawp ret thleng a thil an hriattur te an hre

tawk lova, chungte avang chuan an rilru leh an khawsak dan thlengin a ti hniam a, Loneitute

chhawr tangkai tur chi ni a kan hriat leh kawhhmuh kan tum te chu a chin chhuak a, a thang tur

zawnga an ngaihtuahna thlak danglam thei ngei tura zirhote a ni.

Tichuan, Extension hna hi a pawimawh leh a tul em em na chhan chu mihring

tungchhova kal zawng zawng te, ei leh bar tur kan zawn na abik takin kan thlawhhma lakna

kawngah hian kan thawh chhan ber kan thlai te nihdan leh an mamawh te leh hriatchian lohna

avanga kan mawlna tih bova, tunlai thiamna kan hman ve theih ang chi hmanga mipuite zirtira

ngaihsak zuite, mithiam ten thil hmuhchhuah tha kan hman ve mai theih chi an hmuh chhuah te,

loneitute hriattir a zir tir chhawn leh te a ni a, harsatna an neih te tih kianpui dan zawn sak a, a

theihna ah chuan kan mithiam zawk te pawh rawn sak thin te a ni leh a.

Extension thil tumte: A hnuaia mi ang hian Extension in a tum bulpui tak ah chuan thingtlanga

kan mite hnena kan economic te, social life te leh culture lam te hi ti hmasawn tur a zirtirna tha

pek a ni a, chungte chu han sawi tlangpui leh zawr zawr ila:-

1. Kan mite harsatna ber hi engeni tih chhutchianpuia, chuta tanga chhanchhuah a ni a.

2. Kan mite zingah mi hneh thei leh hruaitu chan chang peih te zawn chhuah a, chungte nen

chuan Pawl (Organisation) siamna, midang te harsatna ti kiang tura pawl hote a hmalak te.

3. Ram economic dinhmun leh hmalak dan turte mipui hnenah zau taka puana, chung thil te chu

an hriatfiah theih na tura practical ngeia hriattir te.

4. Keimah ni dehchhuah kan hman dan turleh kan tharchhuah kawng ah te leh midang neih

(ramdang ta) kan chawkluh kavmgah te pawh mite puih an ngaih ang zel a, puih te.

5. Mipuite harsatna chi hrang hrang phuhru tur a hriatna chi hrang hrang lak khawm leh chuta

tanga mite hriatthiam tura zirtir chhoh zel te.

Extension Principle: Hemi thupui hnuaiah hian kaihhruaina chi sawm (10) zir ho leh ila:

1. Hnam hrang hrang leh khaw hran hran ah te mizia a In ang vek lova, hnam mil si leh khawtlang

mil zawnga inngeih tlan theihna tur zawn te hi extension work pawimawh ani a.

2. Tualchhung nunphung hre reng chunga mipui te harsatna tobulte atanga tanin an hmasawn

theihna tura hmalak pui te.

3. Mipuite tui zawng leh an mamawh site hria a, an ngaihpawimawh ber te atanga hmasawn dan

zawn pui.

4. Tawngka a sawi mai duhtawk lova, engnge kan tih tur? engvanga ti tur nge kan nih? Engtia tih

tur nge tih te a tak hiattir a, a result (arah chhuah) ngei hmuh tir te.

5. Miten hma engnge maw an lakna a harsatna an tawh pawh a, va share (chah) pui ve a, sutkian

pui leh an hlawh tlinna tur tak zawnpui.

6. Chhungkuaah pawh thalai te hlei hlei hi tangkai thei tur zawk an ni tih hria a, nu leh pa mai

nilova an vaia phei khai rual zawk a, chhungkua phuisui na tura tan la hova zir tur leh thiam tur

ang ang te kawhhmuh a zirtirte.

7. Tual chhunga eng eng emaw Organisation a an hruaitute kawp thiam a, chhungte puihna te

nen a mipui huikhawm leh zirtirna pek te.

8. Mahni ngaihdan ang ngawta mite hruaitum tlat bik lova, a khawchhung mite leh nun dan mil

thiam zawnga, a tul ang zel a, mahni pawh in siamrem a, mite pawm thiam dan tur anga zirtirna

tha pek tum.

9. Kan tha lehzungte, kan hun kal liam mai mai thin te hlutzia hriatchhuahtir a, chung ang hun

chu tangkai zawk a chhawr a, nasa taka hmasawn na hnam ropui tak kan ni thei a ni tih

hriatchhuah tir.

10. Tichuan heng extension work chi hrang hrangte a vang a loneitu te thawhrah hlawk tak lo

thar a, kan mi, c hung hnathawktute lungawina siam khawp a hlawkna kha Agriculture Extension

tumtak chu a ni.

Keini MAESA hovin Agriculture Seminar kan hman hmasak tum 1994 kum bul khan

Extension thu hi uluk takin kan zirho tawh kha a ni a, kan hotuten pawimawh an ti hle a ni-ang,

tunah hian Agriculture Extension tho ka rawn dinchhuah pui leh a nih hi. Tuna kan rawn chhiar

chhuah ho atang khan mite hriattir atana pawimawh bik ka tih tlem te kan rilrua ri ring ber ber

te han sawi zau deuh thain ka ring a.

1. Loneitute ngaihdan hmasa leh hmanlai tak hmanga, an tihdan pangngai renga

thlawhhma la thin te hlawk tawh loh zia kan hrechiang hle a, heng avang hian an mahni pawh

loneih ah hian an tui sar hlei thei tawh lova, thlakna tak hrebar si lovin thangthar lo piang zelte

phei chuan loneih hna chu an hnawl hle a ni. Heng te avang tak pawh hian kan tlangram loneih

dan turah Loneih dan thar (contour farming) an sawi huai huai, hmun pangngai a hlawkzawk leh

tlo zawk si a loneih dan turah kan hotuten remhre tak a an rawn duang chhuak mai hi keini

Extension worker te hian kan bial mipuite hnenah kan ram din chhuahna bul tur pakhat anih tur

zia te uar takin kan sawi in mite thinlunga thawh chakna siam turin kan sawichhuak thiam ngei

tur ani. Chutiang taka sawi thiam ve tur chuan anih dan zawng zawng leh kan hlawkpui dan tur te

thlenga a duang chhuaktu anga kan hriat chian leh kan zir chhuah chu kan bat theuh a ni. He

contour farming thu ka ngaihtuah vang vang hian, kan tlangram, ram zal chin zawng zawng lo

nghet a siam anih vek hun a, thlai chi hrang hrang, theikung chitinreng a mual mual a an han

hmin sen uar mai te, a ram a rama buh an hmin eng suau mai tur te, kan ram hmel tur ka

ngaihtuah hian lawmawm ka ti tak zet zet a, hei hi kan ram tan chuan mite tan dan ang takin

leilung thar kan kaina tur 'Thuthlung thar' zet tur niin ka hria a. A duang chhuak tu kan Director

zahawm tak hi loneitute bulah contour farming in a tum tak hlen chhuak tura bul tan atanga kan

thawh hi extension worker te mawh lian tak pawh a ni.

Ram changkang zawk te anga longhet neih te kan tih chhoh zelah phei hi chuan Ran

Control pawimawh zia te sawi uar a, kan mamawh em em tur compost manure, Ran ek atanga

siam leh hnim tawih atanga siam pawimawhzia te tlangaupui a, compost manure avanga kan

thlaiin an hlawkpui theih dan te leh kan ramin a tlo phah dan te, thlawhhma a eizawng tan phei

chuan tih makmawh a nih dan te uar taka an awih theih dan ngeia sawithiam leh practical ngei

pawha entir theih te an pawimawh a ni.

Ran chhiarpui hnuhnung 1992 ah khan„Bawng - 60691 , Lawi -6507 leh Sial - 927 an

vaiin 68125 anni a. (Hei hi kum 5 dana chhiarpui neih an ni e, tun dinhmun a hriattheih lohva).

Mithiamte chhut dan in ran pakhatin kumkhatah compost manure 50 qtls a siam chhuak thei a, a

tihdan tur dik taka kan khawl chuan compost manure 3406250 qtlss kumkhat chhungin a siam

chhuak mai dawn a ni. Quintal ah Rs.40/- pawh in Rs. 1362,50,000/- man lai a tling theia, hei hi

ran control kan ngaihsak loh leh Ran ek hlutna km hriat loh avanga zoram sum kumtin a kan hloh

hi kan ngaihtuah chhin ngai em? chubakah heng ran ek te hi kan thlawhhma a hmangin kan buh

leh bal leh thlai chawm nan hmang ila chuan kan neih belhchhah dan a tam leh mal ngei ang.

Hengte hi ti hlawhtling tur hian keini extension worker te hian hmabak ko tak kan neih a nih hi.

Loneitu nawlpui hi chu kan tawng

2. Loneitute nawlpui hi chu kan tawng tun haw suh sela, numawl, pamawl an ni deuh ber a.

An thil hriatte a chiang tawk lova, buh leh bal leh thlaite hlawk zawka thar thei tura tanpui dan

pawh an thiam lo. Chutiang anih avang chuan an thil chin an beisei angin a lo hlawk lova an

chhungril nun thlengin a beidawng thin. Heng mite hi Extension worker chuan kan tanpui a, kan

chhanchhuah turte an nih avangin achhanchhuak tu tur chuan kan buh leh bal te leh kan thlai

tangkai ho chin tal hi chu a chin hlawk dan turah te kan chiangin kan in zir nasa tur ani.

INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE CROP PRODUCTION

(SIK LEH SA IN KAN THLAI CHINTE A KHAWIH DANGLAM THEIH

DAN)

RLalramhluni, AEO

Agriculture Science hi Science Zirna peng hrang hrang nena khaikhin chuan, a tak thil tih

hlawhtlin harsa leh beisei anga rah seng mai theih loh a ni awm e. Hlawk taka thlai thar tum

chuan a tlakna leilung, a hualveltu Boruak Sik leh sa te hi thlai mamawh/ngeih tawh chauh anih a

ngai. Loneituten kan thlai a thar hlawk theih nana leitha, tui, damdawi etc. hmang thin mah ila,

mihringin a thunun theih loh Sik leh sa in a zir miau si loh chuan buh leh bal duhthusamin a

thathei Chuang lo. Chuvangin, kan thlai chinna tur ram leilung, a hualveltu boruak Sik leh sa te

hian buh leh bal thar chhuak tur a khawih danglam nasa thin hle. Chung thlai thar leh a rah

insiam khawih danglam thin Factor hrang hrang te chu :-

Plant Growth Internal Factor (Genetic or heredity) e.g Seed.

External Factor (Environment)

1. Climate

2. Edaphic (S0il)

3. Biotic (Plants, animals)

4. Physiographic (Topography)

5. Anthropic (Management Practices)

CLIMATIC FACTOR (BORUAK SIK LEH SA): Leilung tuamtu boruak zau tak atanga lo chhuak.

iii) Ni eng (Solar Radiation),

ii) Temperature,

iii) Ruah (Rainfall),

iv) Boruak hnawng (Relative Humidity),

v) Thli (Wind) te hi Climatic Factor an ti a.

Thlai hlawk taka thar tur chuan a chinna hmun Sik leh sa in kawngro a su ber a.

Thlai tam tak chu duh ang leh rin angin a thar tha lova, a chhan tam ber hi a chinna hmun Sik leh

sa vang a ni. Heng Climatic Factor hrang hrang ten Buh leh Bal a khawih danglam theih dan Chu:-

'A' SOLAR RADIATION (Ni zung chakna): Ni zung chakna tello chuan thlai a thang thei lova,

chuvangin, hlawk taka thlai seng tur chuan ni zung chakna thlai kungin a seng luh tam theih dan

tur ngaihtuah chungin, thlai chin hun dik, a bi in hlat zawng tawk etc. zawm thin tur a ni. Ni eng

chakna thlaiin a mamawh nasat lai ber chu a par lai hi a ni. Thlai kung leh hnah gm 1 (khat) in

siam tur hian 3700-4100 calories solar energy a ngai a ni. Thlai hian ni zung chakna hi thil

pawimawh tak pathumah a hmang a:

i) Thlai in amah chawa insiamnaturineng a pe. (Hei hi Photo-Synthesis an vuah)

ii) Thlai in a taksa chhunglamaha(Physiological Function) hna a thawh ve theih nan lumna

a pe.

iii) Ni eng hian Stomata (Thlai thawkna kua) a hawng a, Transpiration a ti chak.

Ni zung chakna hi chi liin an then hrang leh a, heng te hian kawng hrang

hrang thlai in siam a khawih danglam.

1) Light Intensity (Eng nat zawng): Thlai te hi eng an dawn nat leh nat loh a thuin

an danglam a, thlai chi khat ni kang leh damah chin a in ang lo hle thin. Tin, Agriculture thlai te

pawh hi a then in eng na tak an duh a (sun loving crops), thlai thenkhat — Thingpui, Vaihlo te

chuan daihlim an duh zawk (shade loving crops). Thlai tan hian light intensity sang lutuk emaw

lutuk a tha chuang lo. Thlai a zirin an mamawh tawk light intensity hi a danglam. Dan naranin,

light intensity hi a san lutuk chuan an photosynthesis - Transpiration balance a ti buai a, thlai

atangin tui tam tak a chhuak a thlai than a ti thuanawp thin.

Tin, light intensity a hniam viau chuan photosynthesis a ti Chak lova thlai

thawkna stomata kua a ti phuiin, chu chuan a hnah leh kung thang a ti thuanawp thin. A bik takin,

thlai hnah thang, thlai kung leh a hnah insiam chhung rei leh rei lo, bul nei chi thlai tak leh tak loh

te hi light intensity nat leh nat loh ah a innghat hle. Fang nei chi thlai e.g Buh, Wheat te hi ni eng a

nat poh leh a kung atawi nasa. (Tui supply a that chuan) Buh a par laia nieng a nat loh chuan buh

a fang insiam a tha thei lo (spikelet sterility a sang). Buh in light intensity darkar 200 a tlem lo a

seng hma ni 30 chhung ahmuh chuan buh rah a tha. Cereal crops (fang nei thlai) tan chuan a par

atanga a rah insiam thleng hian ni eng na (high light intensity) a mamawh zual. Hetiang huna

light intensity a nat loh chuan a thar tur 25-68% in a tlem phah thei. Chuvangin, fur laia buh chin

hi dry season (thlasik) buh aiin a thar tlemna chhan chu fur buhin light intensity a hmuh tlem

vang a ni. Tin, Badam hi a par laiin khua a dur (low light intensity) deuh reng chuan a par hi nasa

takin a tlem phah, chu bakah khaw dur laia par chhuak hian badam rah insiamna kuang leia lut

(peg) a nei theilo.

2) QUALITY OF LIGHT (NI ENG RAWNG CHI HRANG): Ni eng/zung (solar radiation) ni atanga a

lo chhuahin min hual vel tu boruak zau tak a rawn paltlang hnu ah chauh lei (earth) a lo thleng a.

Hemi avang hian eng chu wave length rawng chi hrang hrang neiin lei a lo thleng a. Chung wave

length hrang hrang te Chu:

(i) Ultra Violet - Less than 300 mm (Milli Micron)

(ii) Violet - 400-435 mm

(iii) Blue - 435-490 mm

(iv) Green - 490-574 mm

(v) Yellow - 574-595 mm

(vi) Orange - 595-626 mm

(vii) Red - 626-750 mm

(viii) Infra Red - Less than 750 mm.

Ultra Violet leh Infra red te hi leilunga nung tan a hlauhawm a, thlai tana tangkai

ber ber te chu Violet, Blue, Orange leh Red te hi an ni, heng zingah hian Red hi thlai tan a

pawimawh mal. Thlai par, tiak, thlai rah rawng insiam te tan chuan heng wave length te hi a

apawimawh zual.

2) DURATION OF LIGHT (NI ENG REI ZAWNG): Ni eng rei zawng (Duration) hian

ni eng nat zawng (Intensity) aiin thlai thang leh insiam a khawih danglam nasa thei zawk a. Ni

eng rei leh rei lo thlai tana a pawimawh zual lai chu thlai par tur insiam (Floral Development), a

par chhuah dawn (Flower initiation), thlai zung nei chi insiam (Bulb & rhizome formation) hun

lai te a ni. Thlai te an par tur, a par, a bul insiamnan ni eng rei emaw rei lo deuh emaw mamawh

bik an nei a, chungte chu long day plants, short day plants tiin an vuah. Tin, thlai thenkhat chu a

chunga kan sawi apar tur, a par, a bul insiam hi ni eng rei emaw reilo emaw in a khawih dang ve

chuang lova, chung thlai te Neutral Plant an ti e.g Tomato, Asparagus, Cotton. Entirnan

Chrisenthemum hi short day plant a ni a, fur laia kan chin chuan a par tha thei thin lo. A chhan

chu apar tur insiam lai leh a par nan ni eng rei lo darkar 12 aia tam lo a ngai tlat si. Fu hi India

ramah chuan Coimbatoire (Tamil Nadu) ah hian a par tha a, chuvangin sugar cane breeding

centre a dah phah a ni, hmun dang aia Coimbatoire a apar that nachhan chu ni eng rei zawng

Coimbatoire area-a a dawn khu Fu parna atan a that tawk vang a ni.

'B' Temperature:

Thlai thanna, nunna, rah insiamna a pawimawh Physical Process, Chemical re-

action hrang hrang te hi an hual veltu boruak a lum leh a vawh ah a inghat thui hle. A tlangpuiin,

Agriculture thlai te hi temperature 50-40°C inkarah hian an dam khawchhuak thei tur a ngaih a

ni. Amaherawhchu, thlai, variety leh upatlam/than hun (growth stage) ang zelin temperature an

mamawh tawkchiah (optimum temperature) pawh a danglam theuh. Thlai in a mamawh baka

temperature a sang lutuk emaw/hniam lutuk emaw chuan thlai chaw in siam leh Chemical

reaction hrang hrang a ti buaiin thlai thang a thuanawp thin. Hetiang a thlai chi hrang hrang an

than nan temperature range hrang hrang an mamawh avang hian, Agriculture thlai te hi Group

hnihin an then thin.

(a) Cool season crops (Temperature Crops): Thlai an than nan leh insiamnan a

khawvawt (temperature hniam) mamawh te hi a ni. Heng thlai te hi 30°-38°C aia a sen emaw

temperature 0°-5°C aia a hniam emaw in an chang thei tawh thin lo e.g Wheat, Cole Crops.

Cool Season Crops (Thlasik thlai) thenkhat te hian a thantirh Negetative phase

an nih laiin an temperature mamawh a hniam a, an upat ang zelin temperature an mamawh tawh

pawh a sang chho tlangpui e.g

Wheat

Vegetative Stege - 10°C

Reproductive Stage - 18°C

Grain Development Stage - 20°C

(b) Warm Season Crops (Tropical Crops): Thlai an than nan a khawlum

(Temperature sang) mamawh te hi Warm Season Crops an ti a, heng thlai te hi temperature 15°C

hnuai lamah leh 50°C Chung lamah an thang tha thei tawh lo. Warm Season Crops tam zawk hi

Vegetable Phase atanga an temperature mamawh kha a hniam thla tual tual ve thung e.g

Rice

Tillaing -32°C - 34°C

Flowering -25°C - 30°C

Ripening -23°C

Optimum & Minimum Temperature for Seed Germination of Different Crops:

Engtinnge Temperature in thlai a khawih danglam:

(a) Thlai a chaw insiam nan a ni eng la luttu (Chlorophyll) hrinna leh a chaw siamna hmun

(Chloroplast) thlai kung leh a hnaha insiam hi temperature a san leh a chak a, temperature a

hniam chuan Chlorophyll/Chloroplast insiam a tha thei lova, chuvangin, thlai hnah te a lo eng

thin.

(b) Thlai hian a chaw insiamna (Photosynthesis) atan ni eng hmu tha mahsela, temperature duh

ang tawk a hmuh siloh chuan Bio-chemical reaction hrang hrang photosynthesis atana tul a awm

tha thei thin lo. e.g Vaimim hian ni 10 chhung temperature hniam (10°C) a hmuh chuan, Vaimim

Optimum temperature (temperature duh tawk chiah) dawng aiin 33% in Photosynthesis rate a

tlahniam.

te hi temperature lutuk leh sang lutuk ah an thawk chak thei lo bawk. Tin, thlai chaw

siamnahmanrua Carbon dioxide boruak atanga a lak luh hi temperature a san leh a hniam a zirin

a danglam, Wheat leh Barley hian Carbon dioxide a lakluh hi temperature 24°C anihin a sang ber.

(d) Thlai thang (Growth Stage) hrang hrang rate of germination, leaf initiation, tilleing, flowering,

spikelet initiation, grain filling te hi temperature san leh hniamah a innghat em em a ni. Thlai

tiak (Germination) hi temperature hniamah chuan a muang a, temperature sangah chuan a chak.

e.g Badam hi khawlum lai (July) a chin anih chuan ni li chhung a tiak deuh vek a, amaherawhchu

khawvawt (December) laia chin anih chuan a tiah nan ni sarih a ngai thung a ni.

Growth Stage hrang hrang tana temperature a mamawh tawk (Optimum

Temperature) te chu :

BUH

Germination (a tiah nan) - 21-31°C

Growth in height (a buh kung thang) - 25°C

Tillering (Buh kung peng) - 32-34°C

Flowering (Buh par nan) - 25-30°C

Anthesis ( A par atanga a rah insiam) - 30°C

Ripening (a rah hmin nan) - 23°C

Crops

Optimum °C

Minimum°C

Wheat, Barley, Oat

4.5

Rice

10-15

Maize

8-10

Sorghum

12-13

Soyabean

8-9

Tobacco

13-14

Cotton

14-15

Citrus

Tomato

18-25

11-18

Cucumber

25-30

11-18

POTATO

Germination ( a tiah nan) - 25°C

Vegetative Growth ( a kung leh a hnah

than nan) - 20°C

Tuber Development ( a tak insiarn nan) - 17-20°C

Effect of Extreme Temperature:

a) Temperature thlaiin a mamawh aia a san chuan thlaiin lei atanga a chaw hip a ti muangin thlai

kunga a chaw kal kual pawh a buai phah thei e.g. Calcium leia mi hi temperature 28°C- ah chuan

Vaimim in a hiplut tha thei lo.

b) Thlai kung (shoot growth) insiam hi temperature a san lutuk chuan a Chak thei lo bawk. Buh

kung than laia temperature san zawng 38°C a thlen chuan buh kung thang lai a ti chhia in, a zung

tai darh a ti buai in buh zung a tet phah thin.

c) Buh a tulzum laia temperature a san lutuk chuan a nu leh a pa chi insiam tur a ti buai thin.

Wheat tan hian temperature 27°C aia a san chuan Wheat parah a pa chi in siam a ti tlem. Buh rah

insiam laia temperature 38°C aia a san chuan buh rah a in siam tha thei lo.

Temperature hniam lutuk:

a) Temperature a hniam lutuk chuan thlai timur (cell) in siam a Chak thei lo.

b) Tin, temperature a hniam chuan cell permeability a hniam a, thlaiin tui a mamawh a hip lut tha

thei lo. Tin, thlai kungin a zung atanga tui a lak chhoh pawh a tawp phah thin.

c) Temperature hniam lutuk hian buh in siam a ti chhe thei em em a. Buh arai lai leh a vuih lai

velah temperature hniam 12-14°C ni li (4) chhung a dawn chuan buhfang in siam a ti tlem em em

a ni (Spikelet Sterility a ti sang).

d) Tin, thawklehkhatah temperature hi 4°C aia tama a tlak hniam thut chuan thlaiin a haw em em

a. Thlai kung leh hnah a lo rova (chlorotic), a zung a lo dang in thlaiin a hnathawh tur a thawk tha

thei lo. Hetiang ang hi kum 1984-85 khan Tamil Nadu State ah an thlasik buhin a tuarin a chhiat

phah viau a ni. Vaimim pawh hi seedling stage a nih laia temperature 10°C a nih chuan a than a

thuanawp nasa thei hle.

e) Alu ataka a insiam laia temperature 30°C vel emaw, a aia sang anih chuan a tak a insiam thei

lo, a chhan chu respiration a chak lutuk a, chu chuan a chaw siam sa alu bul/taka kal tur kha a

kung lamah a kalpui vek ani.

‘C’ Rainfall:

Mizoramah chuan kan farming hi rainfed farming a ni ber a. Irrigation te kan la neih that loh

avang leh ruahtui kan dawn that vang pawh a ni awm e. Kan leilungin a dawn dan leh cropping

pattern thiam angai hle. Ruahtui hmuh that leh that loh, ruahtui tlak hun, a tlak tam dan te hian

thui takin thlai thar chhuah tur a hril thei hle. A tlangpui thuin Agriculture tan chuan Intensity

(ruah sur tam) aiin Distribution (Ruahsur insem zai dan) hi a pawimawh zawk. Vawilehkhatah

ruah a sur vak chuan lei chhungah a lut zo thei tawh lovin a luang ral a, chu chuan lei chunglang

leitha a luan ralpui thin. Chuvangin buh tan pawh hian ruahtui 1000-1500 mm hi ni 90-110

chhung a tla nisela a tha tawk. Vaimim tan pawh hian 480-800 mm hi a chin lai leh seng hun

inkarah rual takin tla sela a duhawm, USA a Vaimim an chinna hmunpuiah hetiang ruahtui an

hmuhin Vaimim thar a tha ber thin ni a ngaih a ni.

June - 100mm

July - 175-200mm

August - 100 mm

Ruahsur hian thlai thenkhat par tur a tanpui a. e.g Coffee par tur chuan ruah sur

a ngai a. Amaherawhchu, thlai a inthlah (pollination) laia ruah a sur erawh chuan pollen tube ( a

chi kal kawng) a ti keh a, chu chuan thlai inthlah hnathawh a ti chaklo a ni.

Tin, Badam tan hian a ruahsur duhthusam chu a chin hma thla 2/1 ah ruah 7.5-

12.7 cm sur sela, a chin atanga ni 15 vela 12.5-17.5 cm sur leh sela, chumi hnuah a seng hun

thlengin 30-50 cm rual takin sur leh sela a tha.

'D' Relative Humidity (Boruak ro leh hnawng): Relative Humidity hian kawng hnihin thlai a

khawih danglam a:

Direct Effect - Water Control of Plant

In-direct Effect - Photosynthesis, Pollination, Plant Growth, Incidents of Pests & Desease.

Agriculture thlai tan chuan Relative Humidity 50-90% vel hi a tha tawk a ngaih a

ni. Tin, dai chhum leivak a awm hian Relative Humidity san zawng hi 75% aiin a tlem lo. Tin,

Relative Humidity 85% a nihin thlaiin a tui mamawh boruak atangin a lalut thei.

a) Buh a tiah laiin Relative Humidity 70-80% a tha ber a, 40% aia a tlem chuan buh a par tha lo.

Tin, buh a than hun laia Relative Humidity 60% aia a hniam chuan thlai tui pai a tlem a, chu

chuan thlai hrinna (chlorophyll) a ti bo a, a hnah a lo til thin.

b) Relative Humidity a hniam lutuk chuan transportation a sang a. Thlaiin a tui pai a hlauh hnem.

Chu chuan stomato in hawng tur a ti muangin Carbondioxide a lak luh tlem phah.

c) Relative Humidity hi a san lutuk chuan thlai chi inthlah (pollination) a tha thei lo.

d) Tin, Relative Humidity a san chuan thlai natna thenkhat leh hrik te pawh a pun phah thei thin.

e.g

l) Blight disease of potato (Alu kang natna)

2) Antam hrik (Aphid)

3) Jassid (Thlai hnah dawttu kat nelh nelh)

‘E’ Wing (Thli): Thli a thawt nat zawng leh a thawtdan zawng (direction) hian thlai thang leh a

thar a khawih dang lam ve thei a.

a) Thli a thawt chuan thlai kung bula boruak hnawng awm a len bova, chu chuan transpiration

rate a ti sang a. thlai a ro phah thin.

b) Thli na vak lo (moderate) hian thlai chi inthlah pawlh (cross pollination) a pui nasa hle.

c) Tin, thlai apar laia thli leh ruahaawm kawp chuan thlai tan a tha lo.

d) Thli hawi zawng nei lova navak lovaa thawt hian thlai in Carbondioxide a lak luh a tam phah.

e) Atlangpuiin thli a thawt Chak zawng 10Km/hr aia a san chuan thlai than nan a tha lo.

AGRICULTURE HI KA NUNNA A NI

J.Lalpuithanga Sailo AEO (Rtd.)

Kan ramah kum 40 dawn kan Department — Agriculture ah Chak lo takin pension

(superannuation) khawpin a sur a sa hnuaiah hmun hrang hrang ah hna tamtak mahni phak

tawkin kan hotute hnuaiah leh loneitu mipui hmasawn nan theih ang tawk a hun hmangin mipui

leh kan hotute khawngaihna in ka lo thawk ve a; mahni phak tawkah heng Civil Department te

leh Army lam Department hi ka lo thlir ve thin a, an Department a mahni phutawka tling deuh

hleka lo thawkte chu khawvela an awm chhung leh an lung lungphun lamin an Department a

thawk chuan hmun khatah thawhpui lo mahse, an thinlung ah symphathetic consideration hi an

pe a ni. Hnam upa leh ngelnghet ho phei chuan first preference an pe tih ka hria a, kei pawh hei

keimahni Department, khawvel awm chhunga ka thawhduh ber Department hi ka theih nghilh

ngai- lova, engkimah mahni phu tawkah duhsakna (compasionate ground) min pek thin avangin

ka lawm thin a ni. Pension tawh mi mawlten mahni mamawha kan hriatah kan tibuai fo dawn che

u a, min ngaihhnathiam fo turin tute pawh kan hotu ber thlengin -leh a hnuai ber thlengin kan dil

a che u. Mahni phu tawkah hlawhtlinna min petu a ni.

Agriculture hi kannunna bulpui -— hmasawnna in nghahna leh Pathian rawngbawl hna a

ni a; chatuan thlenga kan mamawh tur a ni.

"AGRICULTURE HI KA NUNNA A NI TUI TAKIN AW!" 'Coming together is a beginning, keeping

together is progress, working together is a success'.

HRANGHLUITE COLUMN

India ramin Independence a hmuh atanga Kum 7 a ral hmain Agriculture-ah Graduate

Degree nei kan awm ve ta hial a. Chungte chu Pu H.Vanthuama le Pu.Ngurchhina(RIP) (Pu

Laldenga nau) te an ni a. Mizo zinga Agriculture Graduate hmasaber kan neih atanga Kum 50 a

ral hnuah meuh chuan Agriculture Graduate pawh zahnih chuang kan awm ve ta. Rambuai khan

min ti sukuk lo phei se chuan hei ai hian kan tam ngei ang. Agriculture Depanment atangin Field

Staff leh Clerical Staff thahnem tak kan lo awm ta. Hetiang taka kan rama Agriculture meipui

chhawmnung reng tute a bikin Field lama AEO leh a chunglam ho te pension (pensawn) a kal

tawh hote leh an thawhlaia boral ta te tarlanna neih a thain kan hria a. He kan chanchinbu Zoram

Loneitu ah hian an chanchin kan hriat theih ang ang rawn tarlan tum a ni a. Chhiartute zingah

sawibelh tur neite tumah inthlahrung hauh lo in min rawn fin chhuah theih chuan a lawmawm

ngawt ang. A thente hi chu boral tawh an nih avangin an chanchin kan tarlanah a dik hlel deuh

mai thei a. Hriatthiamna kan ngen nghal bawk e. A kum indawta tarlan a harsat dawn avangin

kan hriat thelh dan azirin kahpah taka rawn tarlan a ni bawk anga, chhiartute ngaihhnathiamna

kan dil nghal bawk e.

1. PU VANLALNGENA, A.E.O: Pu Ngena hi zofate zinga Pastor hmasa ber Pastor

Chhuahkhama fapa a nia. Kum 1922-ah lo piangin kum 1928-ah Sikul a lut a, kum 1932-ah pawl

III a pass a, kum 1937 ah Middle Sikul (Pawl VI) a pass leh a, Kum 1938-1940 chhung in

Shillongah High School a zir leh a. Indopui pahnihna (II World War) a rawn chhuah avangin Zirna

a sukuk a. Tichuan Kum 1943 ah Assam Regiment-ah Havilder Clerk ah atanga, kum 1947 ah a

bansan leh ta a. Mizoramah Political Movement a rawn in tan a. Sipai a ban hnu reilote ah Census

Inspector-in Aizawl Bawrhsap Office ah thlaruk chhung a thawk leh lawk a. Hetihlai hian Political

movement-in kan ramah kua a hreuh tan a, Pu Ngena pawh a phusa leh uar pawlah, a phur ber

pawl a ni ve a. Chutihlai hunah chuan a lehkhathiam awmchhun a ni ve bawk a. Sorkar dodaltu

anga puh a nih a vangin an man a, Quarter Guard ah zan thum chu ka riak ve hman a ti. Apa

avangin milianten an zah a, Pastor hmasa a lo ni ve bawk si nen, afapa chu thlem theia an rin

avangin athiante (a kawppuite) ho lung In (Jail) ah an khung vek tawh hnu ah pawh la khung ve

lovin, Quarter Guard ah an la kawl ta zawk a ni. Apa chuan a thlem kir leh theih tak avangin Jail

bang erawh a zut ve ta lo. Hemi denchhen hian February 1949 ah Agriculture Demonstrator ah

appointment an pe a. Kum 1949-1951 chhungin Nagaland ah B.A.T (Basic Agriculture Training)

Course a training leh phawt a. A Training zawh veleh hian Pu R.Buchhawna, A.D.C hnuaiah Kum

1952 khan Field lama thawk turin a post hmasaber atan Champhai ah dah a nita a. Chuta a post

hming chu Excess Cowdung Demonstrator (Ama sawidan) a ni a. Chalthei Plantation an enkawl

tir bawk. Tichuan, Kum 1953 April thla ah Assistant Agril.lnspector (AAI) ah kaisan tir a ni a. He

post hi kum 5 chauh a chelh hman tihin kum 1957 January thla ah A.E.O ah hlankai a ni leh ta a ni.

Hemi hnu hian 1965 ah Pi Hliri nen innei in fa 3 (fapa pahnih leh fanu pakhat) an nei a. A fanu

Laldinpuii hian zirtirtu hna a thawk a, a fapa te pahnih hi V.L.Ruata leh L.Rintluanga an ni a

Rintluanga hi Vety. Doctor a ni a, Pu Ngena hi AEO anih hian R.D Block ah a awm ngar ngar

avangin thawktu tam zawk chuan kan hmelhriat teh chiam lo niin a lang.

Pu Ngena chu AEO Post ah kum 26 zet (1957-1982) a awm hnuah June 1982 khan a

pension ve ta a, post ngaiah kum 26 lai kaisang miah lova a awm hi thil maktak a ni. Pu N gena

chuan min itsik tute an awm a, kei lah thingtlang lama awm ka ni si a, B.A.T Training lo angin min

sawi a, a hnu fe ah ka hre chauh si a, ka pension hnaih tep tawh a nih avangin ka sawibuai ta lo a

ni. Min lo hrekbet tute ho chu an boral vek tawh hlawm a. An tu leh fate puitling tak nei an awm

lo. Kei erawh chu ka fate buaipui ngai, rilru tihah tu awm miah lovin ka awm a, vawiin ni thlengin

ka la dam a nih hi a ti a. Tunah Pu Ngenga hi Kum 82 mi niin Hnahthial Bazar Vengah nungdamin

a la awm a ni. (Tun atang chuan Hranghluite Column hi Issue tinah rawn tih chhuah thin a ni tawh

ang.)

KEIMAHNI

'A' PROMOTION:

Pu L.V.Zomuana, SMS (SS) chu Agronomist ah Ni 30.10.2005 khan a kaisang a, kan

lawmpui em em a ni.

'B' TRANSFER & POSTING:

Sl.No. Name of officers & Designation Present place of posting New place of posting

1. H.Joela, S.O-cum-S.A Central Store, Aizawl. Extension Section, Dte.

Of Agriculture

2. C.Lalnithanga, ASSO Directorate of Agri. Central Store, Aizawl.

3. J.C. Dingluaia, AEO DAO Office, Mamit Directorate of Agriculture.

4. M.K.Purkayastha, AEO Chawngte Circle Directorate of Agriculture.

5. C. Vanlalhruaia, AEO DAO Office, Lunglei Directorate of Agriculture.

6. Tluangzeli,G/R DAE Office, Mamit DAE Office, Aizawl.

7. Lalnghakliana, Peon DAO Office, Mamit Directorate of Agriculture.

'C' SUNNA:

Heng kan thawhpui te hian Chatuan ram min pansan tak avangin pawi kan ti em em a, an

chhungte kan tuarpuiin, Pathianin awmpui zel turin kan duhsakna kan hlan e.

1) H.Laltlankima,Peon D.A.O Offce, Lunglei 1.10.2005

2) P.C1a1rokmG/S Chawngte Circle 9.10.2005.

'D'. PAWIMAWH DANGTE:

Mizoram ah JATROPHA (Kangdamdawi) Ching turin kan lo inbuatsaih ta a. India ram

State a JATROPHA (Kangdamdawi) thar chhuak hnem ber nih kan tum dawn a, a chhan chu a

chinna tur hmun kan ngah em em a, Mizoram ah chin a awlsam em em bawk a, kan vannei em em

a ni. Mizoram-a loneitute pawhin Shifting Cultivation thlakna atan Permanent Cultivation atan a

chhawr tangkai ngei dawn a ni a ti.

DI Oils India (Private) Ltd. atanga hotu lian lokal te pawhin JATROPHA (Kangdamdawi)

hi Mizoram-ah chin hlawhtlin ngei an beisei a, a theihna ang ang a theihtawpa tanpui an inhuam

thu an sawi a. Meeting a lokal Sr.Officer te chu Slide Projector hmangin JATROPHA

(Kangdamdawi) chin dan leh Oil a siam dan leh a hralh chhuahna hlawkzia te an entir a, chumi

hnu ah JATROPHA (Kangdamdawi) chin dan tur leh a lo hlawhtlin dan tur sawihona an nei nghal

bawk.

He Meeting hi Pu Lalramthanga Tochhawng, Secretary, Agriculture etc. in a kaihruai a, a

ni bakah Wg.Cdr.Lalnghinglova, Chairman, Marketing Board, MIP te, Pu Ramhluna, PCCF te, Pu

Samuel Rosanglura, Director, Horticulture te, bakah Agriculture leh Horticulture a Sr.Officer te an

tel bawk a ni.

2. PU H.RAMMAWI, AGRICULTURE MINISTER IN JATROPHA CHINNA HMUN A ENFIAH. Ni

11.Oct.2005 khan Agriculture Minister Pu H.Rammawi'n Tuirial kama JATROPHA

(Kangdamdawi) chinna hmun a tlawh a. He lai ram hi Lunghret ram tiin an sawi thin a.

Chhungkaw thahnem tawk takin huan siamin Tin 200 vel hmunah JATROPHA an ching a. JA-

TROPHA chi hi May, 2005 a an tuh a ni. Tunah chuan awm thleng vela sang an ni a, a kung a duah

tha hle a, a then phei chu a par tan tawh a ni.

JATROPHA hi M.I.P thlai thlan a ni a, MIP hian JATROPHA hi lian taka kalpui an tum a.

Company lian tak tak Godrej Agrovet leh DI Oils Company te nen thawhhona thuthlung an siam

vek tawh a. Kum 2006 chhung hian hectare nuaikhat aia tamah JATROPHA hi chin a ni dawn a,

Company hian a chi tha chi Hybrid Seed an rawn pe dawn a ni.

3. AGRICULTURE MINISTER LEH GODREJ AGROVET Ltd. HOTU TEN AGRICULTURE

HLAWHTLIN DAN TUR AN SAWI HO: Ni 14th October, 2005 - 9:15 A.M) khan Agricultur

Minister Pu H.Rammawi leh Godrei Agrovet Ltd. hotu ten hmalak dan tur an sawiho a. Godrej

Agrovet Ltd. hian Mizoramah Red Oil Palm, Jatropha leh Sapthei hmun tih tham taka zauva siam

an duh a, Sapthei leh Jatropha chu a hmun a awm a, achingtu tur an awm phawt chuan engti anga

zauah pawh chin nise an thar chhuah zawng zawng te chu an lei vek tur thu an tichiang tawh a.

Kum 2006 chhung hian hactare 20,000 hmuna zauvah Sapthei chin tir nise tiin thu tlukna an

siam nghe. nghe a. Jatropha chinna tur atan a zau thei ang ber rama chin nise tih an duh thu an

sawi bawk. Tin, Red Oil Palm pawh a tiak hmuh theih zata thuin a hmun zau lam chu ngaihtuah

tur a dah a ni. Jatropha hriak herna khawl leh a thlit fimna refinery pawh dah nghal an tum.

Sapthei hmun siam puitlin a nih chuan tuna a tui sawrna khawl Chhingchhipa awm bakah a dang

dah belh an tum tih an sawi bawk a, Pu H.Rammawi, Agriculture Minister chuan Chief Minister

remtihna in, Rental System in emaw Chhingchhipa khawl awmsa te chu hman tir theih an nih tur

thu Godrej Agrovet Ltd. hotute chu a hrilh a ni.

Mizoram Sawrkar leh Godrej Agrovet Ltd. hian M.O.U an ziak fel tawh a. M.O.U bawhzuiin

Company-a thawk tur Agriculture Science Graduate engemaw zat an la tawh a, Chung an lak hna

hming te chu — Development Executive - 1 no., Development Officer - 3- 4 nos., Training Officer -

3 nos. Heng an mi lak te hian November thla tir atangin Training Andra Pradesh ah an nei a,

November 2005 ah an zo a, Mizoram hna an thawk tan tawh ani.

4. TRAINERS' TRAINING ON BIO-DYNAMIC TECHNOLOGY NEIH A NI: Ni 27.10.2005 khan Pu

Kapzela huan Phunchawngah Agriculture Department buatsaihin B.D. Technology (Bio-Dynamic

Technology) hmanga leitha siam Trainers Training neih a ni. He Training hi Pu Lalrinliana, D.A.O.,

Aizawl in kaihruaiin, Pu Lalramthanga Tochhawng, Secretary, Agriculture, Government of

Mizoram in hawnna a nei a. A hawnna inkhawm ah hian Pu Lalramthanga Tochhawng chuan

Agriculture Scientist te an awm na tur dik tak Field (loneitute huanah training buatsaih a ni hi

lawmawm a tih thu sawiin kan hun 50% tal hi field ah hmang ila hma kan sawn ngei a rin thu

sawiin, Agriculture mithiamten an hun a tam thei ang ber field a hmang turin a chah nghal.

Mizoram Organic Farming lama kan kal na tur ah he Programme hian rah tha tak a chhuah ngei a

beisei a, B.D. Technology leh E.M.Technology te District hrang hrang ah loneitu te zirtirna neih

nghal tur a ti bawk.

He training na ah hian Resource Persons ah Pu Zahlira Hrahsel, D.A.O, Mamit leh Pu

Lalrinliana, D.A.O, Aizawl hman an ni. A thu a an zir zawhah a tak (practical) a chhunzawm leh

nghal a ni bawk. B.D. Technology (Bio-Dynamic Technology) hi German Agriculture Scientist Dr

Rudolph Steiner an Kum 1942 a a hmuh chhuah a ni. U.S.A, Europe leh Australia ramah te chuan

an hmang tawh a, Kum 1993 khan India ramah lakluh tan a ni a. He Bio-Dynamic Agriculture hi

— Ni, Thla leh Arsi vir vel dan hmang tangkaia lei siamthat tihna a ni.

Compost (Tawihdur leitha) siam nana hmanruate :-

1) Green leaves (Hnimhring)

2) Hnim ro

3) Bawngpui sawrlai ek.

4) Slaked lime.

5) B.D. 502-507 series.

6) Tui.

BD series hi ramhmul damdawi hrang hrang atanga siam chhuah a ni.

He trainers' training ah hian Agriculture Officers — Jt.Director atanga A.E.O chin an tel

kim hle. Agricultural District hnuaia khaw 25 thlan bik a ni a, khawkhatah loneitu mi 80 zel

hnenah training (zirtirna) pe turin hma lak mek zel a ni.

5. STATE LEVEL COMMITTEE MEETING NEIH A NI: Ni 11.11.2005 dar 11:30 A.M khan

Agriculture Committee Room-ah Mizoram Intodelhna Programme State Level Committee

Meeting neih a ni a. He M.I.P State Level Committee Meeting hi Pu H.Rammawi, Agriculture &

Horticulture Minister leh Chairman, M.I.P State Level Committee in a kaihruai a ni.

Pu H.Rammawi. Agriculture & Horticulture Minister chuan, M.I.P a lo hlawhtlin ngei

theihna tur hian hma kan la mek zel a, M.I .P Guideline te thlak tur a tan lak mek lai hun

(transition period) ah kan ding mek a, M.I.P hi awmze nei zawkin kan kalpui thei tawh dawn a.

Market base in hma lak chhoh a ni ang a, chutiang anga hma lak a nih theih na tur in heng thlai —

Oil Palm, Jathropha (Kangdamdawi), Stevia, Thingfanghma (Hawaiian Solo), Mau te hi company

nen Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) ziah fel a ni tawh a. Loneitute thlai thar chhuah dah

that zel nan a thatna khawl (cold storage) pawh Mizoramin a mamawh zat siam tum a ni a,

Loneitute hamthatna lean chanvo siam thatna thlir ranin Cold storage hi siam tum a ni a. Organic

Farming kalpui zel tur anih avangin loneitute hnenah Organic manure siam dan zirtir uar zel tum

a ni bawk a ti.

M.I.P State Level Committee Meeting hian Mizoram Intodelhna Programme a thlai chin

tur target hmasa atan heng thlai te hi a thlang.— Buh leh thlai chin lai mek te bakah, Oil Palm,

Jatropha (Kang damdawi), Sapthei, Grape, Patchouli, Stevia, Thingfanghma (HS), Citronella,

Serthlum, Hatkora, Balhla leh Lakhuihthei.

Mizoram Intodelhna Programme hi Agriculture & Allied Departments leh Department

dangte nen kal kawp chho zel tur leh Company chi hrang hrang te pawh M.I.P nena kalkawp

chhoh tir zel tha an ti bawk.

M.I.P thil tum leh M.I.P. a tel tur chhungkua te pawh sawi chhuah nawn leh a ni a— —

a) M.I.P thiltumte chu :

1) Tlangram lo bansan a lo/huan nghet neih,

2) Eizawnna ngelnghet ruahman leh siam,

3) Sum changthlai,

4) Ramngaw leh leilung venhim,

b) M.I.P a tel tur chhungkua te:

1) Eizawnna ber atana lonei chhungkuate.

2) Eizawnna kawng dang zawh thei.

3) Khua leh tui nghet chhungkua.

Planning Commission, Govt.of lndia duh dan angin M.I.P tih hlawhtlin nan A.H & Vety

Department-ah Ni eng leh Gas hmangin Arte siamna kalpui mek zel a ni a. M.I.P tih hlawhtlin nan

Land Development a hmalakna turin Earth Movers — Bulldozer - 8 leh JCB - 2 lei tum a ni dawn

bawk a ni.

M.I.P State Level Committee Meeting ah hian mi pawimawh tak tak — Pu K. Vanlalauva,

M.L.A, Chairman, Mizoram K.V.I Board te, Rev.Liandawla, Vice Chairman, MIPEA te, Wg.Cdr.

Lalnghinglova, Chairman, MIP Marketing Board te, Pu Lalramthanga, Chief Wildlife Warden te, Pu

Ngurliana Sailo, Director of Soil & Water Conservation te, Pu C.Lalzarliana, Project Director,

MIPEA te, Pu Lianzuala, Dy.Secretary, Health & Family Welfare te, Pu B.Lalhmingthanga,

Dy,Secretary, R.D Department te, Dr.H.Saithantluanga, Dy.Director of Agriculture (Planning)te,

Dr.E. Saipari, Dy.Director of Horticulture te, Dr. Lalramnghinglova, Mizoram University ami te an

tel ani.

6. SERCHHIP AH TRAINING ON MUSHROOM PROCESSING PLANT NEIH A NI: Ni 17.11.2005

khan Serchhip Press Club, Serchhip ah Pa khawi dan training na buatsaih a ni a, he training na hi

MIPEA, AMFU, Serchhip leh Regional Research Laboratory (R.R.L), Jorhat te nena tangkawp a

buatsaih a ni a. He training na tur hian Regional Research Laboratory, Jorhat atangin Dr.R.K.

Sharma, Area Co-ordinator and Scientific leh Dr.R.K.Adhikari, Mushroom Specialist te an lo kal.

He taining hi Pu C.Lalsawmliana, Vice President, AMFU, Serchhip in a kaihruai a. Mi 40 zet he

training ah hian an tel. Pakhawi dan inzirtir mai bakah Regional Research Laboratory, Jorhat hian

Pachi (spawn) siamna khawl Serchhip ah bun sak an tum a. November, 2005 chhung ngeia bun

fel vek tum a ni a. A khawl In tur pawh AMFU, Serchhip chuan an peih fel tawh. He khawl enkawl

leh Pachi (spawn) siam dan zirturin mi pahnih thlang chhuak a, ni 5 chhung Regional Re- search

Laboratory, Jorhat a training nei turin Serchhip, AMFU te an hrilh nghal.

Regional Research Laboratory, Jorhat a mithiam te chah chhuak tu leh Mushrom

Processing Plant, Serchhip a bun a nih theih nana nasa taka hma lo lak sak tu Pu H.Rammawi,

Minister, Agriculture etc., Govt.of Mizoram chungah trainees leh Serchhip mipui ten lawmthu

nasa takin an sawi a, he a hmalakna hian rah tha tak a chhuah ngei an beisei thu an sawi bawk.

7. TWO DAYS ORIENTATION TRAINING ON FERTILIZER QUALITY CONTROL NEIH A NI: Ni

21 leh 22 November, 2005 khan Agriculture Conference Hall ah Agriculture Officer hovin Central

lama mithiam Dr.P.D.Shukla hoin Two Days Orientation Training on Fertilizer Quality Control

neih a ni a, hetah hian Fertilizer Quality Control chungchang leh Fertilizer hralh dan chungchang

te zirho a ni a, hetah hian dealer ni lo te tan fertilizer zawrh phal reng reng a ni lo tih te leh dealer

nih theih dan hran hrang te zirho ani a, fertilizer hi fertilizer inspector a nih loh pawhin Police bel

thum chin in phalna neilote chu man theih ani tih te sawiho a ni a.

Mizorarn ah hian Soil Testing Laboratory, Aizawl ah a awm a, tin, Lunglei ah pawh din

tum leh mek a ni, heng laboratory tih changtlun nan leh siam nan hian Central tanpuina pawh

Cheng nuai 280 Mizoram tan pek a nih thu te pawh sawi lan a ni.

Tin, leitha hmanga thlai thar te hi mihring tan a hlauhawm loh zia te pawh zirho a ni.

Agriculture Department atangin Resource Person ten paper hrang hrang an present bawk a ni.

8. GRAPE JUICE FESTIVAL, HNAHLAN AH : Ni 24.11.2005 khan Hnahlan ah Grape Juice Festival

hlimawrn tak Pu H.Rammawi, Agriculture Minister hovin neih a ni.

9. PU H.RAMMAWI, AGRICULTURE MINISTER IN COLD STORAGE A HAWNG: Ni 28. 11. 2005

khan Serchhip ah Pu H.Rammawi, Agriculture Minister chuan Cold Storage a hawng a, he Cold

Storage hi Serchhip a loneitu te tan thil tangkai tak ni tura tih a ni.

10. M.I.P THLAI CHIN TUR SAWIHO A NI: Ni 8.12.2005 ah khan M.I.P. Horticulture leh

Agriculture Department hotuten Agriculture Department Committee Room ah Godrej Agrovet

Ltd. Company hotute kawmna an nei a. Inkawmna hi M.I.P Marketing Board Chairman

Wg.Cdr.Lalnghinglova'n a kaihruai a.

An inkawmnaah hian Sapthei. Lakhuihthei, Serthlum leh Grape chin chungchang an

sawiho. Godrej Agrovet hotute hian heng thlai te hi contract faming hnuaia Mizoram loneitute

chintir tha an tih thu an sawi a. Contract farming hnuaiah chuan Godrej Agrovet leh Bank leh

loneituten thawhhona thuthlung Tripartite Agreement siam a ni ang a. Loneitute sum mamawh

chu Bank in a pe chhuak ang a. An thlai thar chu Godrej Company in a lei zel dawn a ni. Hetianga

kal hian loneituten an sum mamawh a hun takah an dawngin hna an thawk thei dawn bawk a ni.

Kum 2006-2007 chhungin Contract farming hnuaiah Sapthei hmun Acre 20,000 siam belh tum a

ni. Inkawmnaah hian Horticulture Director Pu Samuel Rosanglura leh Agriculture Joint Director

Pu P.Bhattacharjee leh Officer pawimawh dangte an Department aiawh in an tel.

11. MIZORAM AGRICULTURE EXECUTIVE SERVICE ASSOCIATION GENERAL CONFERENCE,

2005. : Ni 15.12.2005 khan Agriculture Conference Hall, Aizawl ah Mizoram Agriculture

Executive Service Association (MAESA) General Conference an nei a Agriculture leh R.D

Department atangin member thahnem tak an kal a, Zoram ei leh bara a intodelhna turin

theihtawp a tan la turin an infuih a. An thurel engemaw zat zingah Agriculture hi Class-X

hnuailam ah zirna subject pakhatah dah nise tih an rel a ni. Kum 2005-2007 a MAESA hruaitu tur

an thlang a; an hruaitu thlan chhuahte Chu:

1. President: - Pu R.Zoramthanga, AAIO

2. Vice President: - Pu R.Rozuala, AEO

3. Gen. Secretary: - Pu Lalnunmawia, AAI

4. Secretary i/c Organisation: - Pu T.Ngurkhuma, AAI

5. Secretary i/c Information & Publicity: - Pu Lalrammawia, VLW

6. Treasurer: - Pu R.Lalpianmawia, AEO

7. FinSecretary: - Pu V L.Zidinga sailo, AAI